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Questions and Answers
Domestic poultries are usually resistant to avian influenza virus.
Domestic poultries are usually resistant to avian influenza virus.
False (B)
What is the current situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) in poultry farms in South East Asia?
What is the current situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) in poultry farms in South East Asia?
- Under the control by vaccination
- Never happened
- Endemic with frequent outbreaks (correct)
- Happened but eradicated now
Which of the following is a Class II Biosafety Cabinet?
Which of the following is a Class II Biosafety Cabinet?
- Option B (correct)
- Option A
- Option C
- Option D
When is the optimum time to collect samples to test for evidence of viral infection?
When is the optimum time to collect samples to test for evidence of viral infection?
Which number designates the chorioallantoic sac in a 10-day-old chicken embryo?
Which number designates the chorioallantoic sac in a 10-day-old chicken embryo?
What is the most probable etiologic agent of a 2-year-old dog presenting with specific clinical signs?
What is the most probable etiologic agent of a 2-year-old dog presenting with specific clinical signs?
Which virus is the causative agent of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in Australia?
Which virus is the causative agent of Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in Australia?
What are the target organs for Canine Parvovirus?
What are the target organs for Canine Parvovirus?
Which of the following cells are the target cell for Papillomaviruses?
Which of the following cells are the target cell for Papillomaviruses?
Rigid fixation of the limbs, abortion, central nervous system damages in calves are the clinical signs of which disease?
Rigid fixation of the limbs, abortion, central nervous system damages in calves are the clinical signs of which disease?
Which one of the following statements is true for Feline Parvovirus?
Which one of the following statements is true for Feline Parvovirus?
What is the current situation of African Horse Sickness in Australia?
What is the current situation of African Horse Sickness in Australia?
Which of the following is TRUE about Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)?
Which of the following is TRUE about Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)?
Biphasic fever, nasal discharge, anorexia, conjunctivitis, and abortion in pregnant cows are most likely pathogenic mechanisms and clinical signs for which disease?
Biphasic fever, nasal discharge, anorexia, conjunctivitis, and abortion in pregnant cows are most likely pathogenic mechanisms and clinical signs for which disease?
What is the source of Hendra virus for horses?
What is the source of Hendra virus for horses?
What samples should be taken for virus isolation from the clinical form of Canine Distemper?
What samples should be taken for virus isolation from the clinical form of Canine Distemper?
Which area has the highest rate of Ross River incidence in Australia?
Which area has the highest rate of Ross River incidence in Australia?
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Study Notes
Virology Study Notes
Canine Parvovirus
- Target organs: Intestinal epithelial cells and bone marrow haematopoietic cells
- Replicate in the nuclei of neurons in adult cats
African Horse Sickness
- Target organs: Endothelial cells of blood vessels
- Caused by Orbivirus (Reoviridae)
Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
- Persistently Infected (PI) cows are main reservoirs for the BVD viruses
- Non-cytopathic BVD virus can produce Immunotolerance in adult cows
Infectious Diseases
- Hendra virus: causes deadly infection in humans and horses
- Ross River virus: most common biological vector in northern and southern coastal areas of Australia
- Australian bat lyssavirus: causes deadly infection in humans
Virus Isolation
- Samples to be taken: Eye swab, Buffy coat, Faeces, Skin biopsy
- Best sample for virus isolation from post-mortem animals: Reticuloendothelial organs
Diagnostic Techniques
- Antigen detection: Direct immunofluorescence, Indirect immunofluorescence, Antigen capture ELISA, Western Blotting
- RNA extraction: Cell lysis and inactivation of cellular nucleases
- Southern Blotting technique: used for detection of DNA
Oncogenicity
- Most important reason of oncogenicity of Retroviruses: Insertion of retroviral genome into the host genome
Tumours
- Most common tumours in layered poultry: Caused by Marek's disease virus (Gallid herpesvirus)
Avian Influenza
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI): caused by H5N1 or H7N7 subtype
- Migratory waterfowls are natural hosts of avian influenza virus
Vaccines
- Safer vaccine for Canine Distemper: Avian cell culture adapted vaccine
Biosafety
- Class II Biosafety Cabinet: used for working with viruses
Zoonosis
- Examples of zoonosis: Rabies, Hendra virus, Australian bat lyssavirus
Arboviruses
- Examples of arboviruses: Bovine ephemeral fever virus, Rift valley fever virus
Other Viruses
- Feline parvovirus: target cells are stem cells in bone marrow and respiratory epithelial cells
- Rotavirus: target cells are Crypt stem cells in calves
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