Virology 1: The Nature of Viruses

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What is the primary function of the container component of a virus?

To synthesize proteins

To direct the production of new viruses

To respond to stimuli

To protect the genome during transmission (correct)

What is the result of a virus particle binding to a receptor on a host cell surface?

The genetic material and enzymes are injected into the host cell (correct)

The host cell becomes immune to the virus

The virus particle is destroyed

The virus particle buds off immediately

What is unique about RNA viruses?

They are the only type of virus that can use host machinery

They can use host protein synthesis machinery

They have a large genome

They are the only RNA-based life forms and cannot rely on host machinery (correct)

What is the Baltimore classification of viruses based on?

The type of genome replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of VP16 in the herpes simplex virus?

To recruit host transcription machinery to viral promoters Signup and view all the answers

Why are genomes of RNA viruses typically smaller?

Because of the limitations of their machinery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge for viruses in entering the host cell?

Crossing the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about enveloped viruses?

They use direct penetration to enter the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of HIV infection?

It preferentially infects activated CD4+ T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the lack of proofreading in Flu RNA genome?

Accumulation of mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of herpesviruses?

They cause latent, lifelong infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of an infected CD4+ cell in HIV infection?

2 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of antigenic shift?

Immediate and substantial changes in the viral genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CCR5 in HIV infection?

It is the co-receptor for HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point at which the immune system controls HIV replication?

Viral set point Signup and view all the answers

Why are herpesviruses problematic in immunocompromised individuals?

They can reactivate from latency and cause disease Signup and view all the answers

What was the mortality rate of rabbits when Myxomatosis was released in Australia?

99.8% Signup and view all the answers

Why don't avirulent strains of Myxomatosis transmit effectively?

They don't produce enough virus Signup and view all the answers

What is blocked in the genome replication stage of the HIV life cycle?

Replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of HIV protease inhibitors?

Homo-dimeric aspartyl protease Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of primary HIV infections are resistant to treatment?

8% Signup and view all the answers

What is the key challenge in curing HIV?

Latent reservoir Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Smallpox immunity?

It is lifelong Signup and view all the answers

What was the strategy used to eradicate Smallpox?

Surveillance-containment Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the freeze-dried Smallpox vaccine?

It is stable Signup and view all the answers

What was the approach used to isolate Smallpox cases?

Home isolation with family Signup and view all the answers