26 Questions
What is the primary function of the container component of a virus?
To protect the genome during transmission
What is the result of a virus particle binding to a receptor on a host cell surface?
The genetic material and enzymes are injected into the host cell
What is unique about RNA viruses?
They are the only RNA-based life forms and cannot rely on host machinery
What is the Baltimore classification of viruses based on?
The type of genome replication
What is the function of VP16 in the herpes simplex virus?
To recruit host transcription machinery to viral promoters
Why are genomes of RNA viruses typically smaller?
Because of the limitations of their machinery
What is the main challenge for viruses in entering the host cell?
Crossing the cell membrane
What is unique about enveloped viruses?
They use direct penetration to enter the host cell
What is a characteristic of HIV infection?
It preferentially infects activated CD4+ T cells
What is a result of the lack of proofreading in Flu RNA genome?
Accumulation of mutations
What is a characteristic of herpesviruses?
They cause latent, lifelong infections
What is the half-life of an infected CD4+ cell in HIV infection?
2 days
What is a consequence of antigenic shift?
Immediate and substantial changes in the viral genome
What is the role of CCR5 in HIV infection?
It is the co-receptor for HIV
What is the term for the point at which the immune system controls HIV replication?
Viral set point
Why are herpesviruses problematic in immunocompromised individuals?
They can reactivate from latency and cause disease
What was the mortality rate of rabbits when Myxomatosis was released in Australia?
99.8%
Why don't avirulent strains of Myxomatosis transmit effectively?
They don't produce enough virus
What is blocked in the genome replication stage of the HIV life cycle?
Replication
What is the target of HIV protease inhibitors?
Homo-dimeric aspartyl protease
What percentage of primary HIV infections are resistant to treatment?
8%
What is the key challenge in curing HIV?
Latent reservoir
What is unique about Smallpox immunity?
It is lifelong
What was the strategy used to eradicate Smallpox?
Surveillance-containment
What is the advantage of the freeze-dried Smallpox vaccine?
It is stable
What was the approach used to isolate Smallpox cases?
Home isolation with family
Learn about the fundamental characteristics of viruses, including their dependence on host cells, structural components, and inert properties. Discover the origin of viruses and their evolution over time.
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