Viral Infections & Fungal Infections Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe a group of bacteria that has grown visible as a dot on a culture medium?

Colony (correct)

Cluster

Aggregate

Culture

Which bacterial structure determines whether a bacterium stains as Gram positive or Gram negative?

Cytoplasm

Cell wall (correct)

Plasma membrane

Genetic material

Which classification describes a viral infection that presents with acute symptoms like a skin rash and fever?

Acute lytic viral infection (correct)

Oncogenic viral infection

Chronic viral infection

Latent viral infection

Which of the following accurately differentiates aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?

Aerobic bacteria grow in the presence of oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about antibacterial drugs in relation to viral infections?

They have no effect on viruses. Signup and view all the answers

In what primary location do viruses replicate?

In the host cell Signup and view all the answers

When classifying Shingles, which category does it fall under?

Latent viral infection Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most effective preventive measures against the spread of many viral infections?

Immunisation Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe an organism that is too small to be seen without a microscope?

Microorganism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main types of microorganisms of concern in healthcare?

Helminths Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term 'Mortality' in relation to health conditions?

The number of deaths caused by a specific illness Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Transient contamination' imply in healthcare settings?

Temporary presence leading to infection spread Signup and view all the answers

Which definition accurately describes 'Colonization'?

Presence of microorganisms without causing disease Signup and view all the answers

How is 'Transmission' defined in the context of disease?

The transfer or spread of disease from person to person Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes an 'Antibiotic'?

A medicine that destroys or inhibits microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes viruses from prions in terms of their structure?

Viruses have genetic material in a protein capsid, prions are just proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What describes how a virus can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route?

By consuming food that has been contaminated by an infected person's hands. Signup and view all the answers

In a systemic fungal infection, why is it challenging to effectively treat the infection?

It's hard to find points of selective toxicity due to the similarity between fungal and human cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is characterized by the presence of fungi in the body's tissues?

Systemic infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of trophozoites in protozoan infections?

They are active feeding and reproducing forms. Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is commonly associated with Candida species?

Mucocutaneous infection Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to acquire systemic mycoses?

Severely immunocompromised infants in intensive care. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a feature of eukaryotic cells?

They contain organelles such as mitochondria. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Infections & Prions

Viral infections are transmitted through various routes, such as aerosols, body fluids, insect vectors, fecal-oral, and mother to fetus.
Treatment of viral infections often relies on antiviral drugs, which inhibit viral replication.
Prevention involves strategies like immunization, hygiene practices, and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
Prions are infectious proteins that lack genetic material.
They differ from viruses in their structure, as viruses contain genetic material enclosed in a protein capsid.

Fungal Infections

Fungal infections are classified based on their location and severity.
Cutaneous fungal infections involve the skin, while mucocutaneous infections affect both skin and mucous membranes.
Systemic mycoses refer to infections that spread throughout the body.
Systemic fungal infections are often challenging to treat due to the similarities between fungal and human cells, making it difficult to target specific fungal proteins.
Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems, are particularly susceptible to systemic mycoses.
Dermatophytes are a group of fungi that cause skin infections like ringworm.
Candida species are fungi that can cause mucocutaneous infections, such as thrush.

Protozoan Infections

Protozoa are eukaryotic organisms that can cause infections.
Trophozoites are the active, feeding, and reproducing stage of protozoan parasites.
Protozoa are spread through various mechanisms, including contaminated water, food, and vectors like insects.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to viral and fungal infections, including transmission routes, treatments, and prevention methods. It also explores the unique characteristics of prions and the classifications of fungal infections. Test your knowledge on how these infectious agents affect human health.