Viral Infections and Hyperthermia Quiz

Infection during pregnancy that can cause malformations in the baby.

A type of parasitic infection that can affect the developing baby and cause birth defects.

A bacterial infection that can be passed from mother to baby and cause birth defects.

A characteristic sign of fetal toxoplasmosis infection.

The protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis.

A group of abnormalities occurring together with a known common cause, indicating a diagnosis has been made, suggesting a pattern and potential recurrence.

The non-random appearance of two or more anomalies occurring together more frequently than by chance, with an undetermined cause.

An association characterized by the occurrence of vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb abnormalities together.

In contrast to syndromes, associations do not constitute a diagnosis.

Recognition of one or more components of an association can prompt the search for other abnormalities within the group.

Ionizing radiation can cause severe developmental abnormalities in a fetus, leading to a wide range of birth defects.

Radiation can harm a developing fetus at any stage, but the type of defect depends on how developed the baby is when exposed.

Radiation exposure during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and severe birth defects in the child.

Radiation is also known to alter genes in reproductive cells, leading to birth defects in future generations.

Changes in DNA caused by radiation can be passed down to future generations, causing birth defects even if the parents weren't exposed.

Any structural, behavioral, functional, or metabolic disorder present at birth.

The study of birth defects.

The study of abnormal physical features.

A specialist who studies birth defects, typically part of a clinical genetics department.

A significant cause of infant mortality, accounting for 21% of infant deaths.

An abnormality that occurs during the formation of structures, such as organs, caused by genetic or environmental factors.

An abnormality that occurs due to mechanical forces that mold a part of the fetus over a prolonged period, often affecting the musculoskeletal system.

An alteration in an already formed structure caused by a destructive process, interrupting normal development.

A condition where the digestive tract is incomplete or blocked, typically caused by disruptions during development.

Fibrous bands in the amniotic sac that can wrap around a fetus, leading to constrictions and disruptions.

A virus that can be passed from a pregnant woman to her developing baby, potentially causing birth defects. It is often asymptomatic in the mother but can have serious consequences for the fetus, including death or mental retardation.

A virus that can cause birth defects, including mental retardation, if a pregnant woman is infected. This virus is often fatal for the fetus.

A virus that can cause birth defects, including mental retardation, if a pregnant woman is infected. The virus is often asymptomatic in the mother but can have serious consequences for the fetus.

A virus that can cause birth defects, including developmental problems and weakened immune systems, if a pregnant woman is infected. The virus can be passed from the mother to the child during pregnancy or childbirth.

A virus that can cause birth defects, including deafness, blindness, and heart defects, if a pregnant woman is infected. The virus can be passed from the mother to the child during pregnancy or childbirth.

The likelihood of an agent causing birth defects depends on the genetic makeup of the developing fetus.

The time of exposure to a teratogen during pregnancy significantly affects the outcome. The period of organ development is the most vulnerable.

The amount of exposure to a teratogen and how long the exposure lasts determine the severity of the birth defects.

Teratogens disrupt normal development at the cellular level by interfering with specific processes or causing cell death.

The outcomes of teratogenic exposure range from death of the fetus to physical deformities, slowed growth, and functional impairments.

Drugs taken by mothers during pregnancy that can lead to birth defects in the baby.

A drug formerly used to treat nausea and sleep problems during pregnancy, now known to cause severe birth defects.

Absence of some or all of the limbs in a baby.

Identifying the cause of a birth defect can be difficult, especially if the defect is common.

Minor anomalies that are not harmful alone, but can indicate a higher risk of major defects.

Minor anomalies, like small ears or pigmented spots, can occur in 15% of babies. These are not harmful themselves, but can signal the presence of more serious defects.

The presence of several minor anomalies suggests a higher chance of major defects. One minor anomaly gives a 3% chance, two a 10% chance, and three or more an even greater 20% chance.