Viral Genomes and Prions Quiz

Which type of replication cycle do bacteriophages exhibit?

Lytic cycle

What dictates the decision of which replication cycle a bacteriophage will utilize?

Environmental cues

What triggers a lytic burst in a host cell during virus replication?

Host cell survival threats

What unique ability does a temperate phage have compared to a virulent phage?

Genome integration as a prophage Signup and view all the answers

During lysogeny, what state is the host in when the bacteriophage is not actively replicating?

Prophage state Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a virion delivers the viral genome into the host cell?

Protein capsid Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of icosahedral viruses?

Symmetrical capsids Signup and view all the answers

In tailed viruses, what is the function of the helical 'neck' structure?

Attachment to the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of viroids compared to typical viruses?

Lack of protein capsid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capsid exhibits both symmetrical and asymmetrical structures among different viruses?

Icosahedral capsids Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial defense mechanism involves cleaving viral DNA lacking methylation?

Restriction endonucleases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Acr in the context of CRISPR defense?

Inhibiting CRISPR-Cas binding Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a bacterial immune system that involves Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats?

CRISPR-Cas complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CRISPR-Cas complex in the context of bacterial defense?

Binding and cleaving phage DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial defense mechanism involves altered receptor proteins to defend against bacteriophages?

CRISPR integration of phage DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Chapter 6 in the microbiology course?

The structures of viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between viruses and host cells?

Viruses depend on host cells for replication of genetic material and proteins Signup and view all the answers

In microbiology, what distinguishes the lytic replication cycle from the lysogenic replication cycle?

Lytic cycle involves cell lysis, while lysogenic cycle involves host cell integration Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that viruses can infect all cellular organisms according to the text?

It indicates that all life forms are equally susceptible to viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What role does viral genetic material play in synthesizing proteins according to Chapter 6?

Viral genetic material provides the blueprint for protein synthesis in host cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of prions?

They alter the conformation of normal proteins. Signup and view all the answers

How do small viral genomes commonly differ from giant viral genomes?

Giant genomes have a larger number of genes and are usually double-stranded DNA. Signup and view all the answers

How did David Baltimore propose to classify viruses in 1971?

By distinguishing classes based on capsid symmetry and envelope structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why giant viruses are significant according to the text?

Their genomes encode a large number of enzymes with cellular functions. Signup and view all the answers

What classification criteria were considered by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for devising a working classification system?

Genome composition and envelope structure Signup and view all the answers