Viral Genomes and Prions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of replication cycle do bacteriophages exhibit?

  • Lytic cycle (correct)
  • Genome integration cycle
  • Virulent cycle
  • Transcription cycle

What dictates the decision of which replication cycle a bacteriophage will utilize?

  • Environmental cues (correct)
  • Host recognition
  • Lysogeny activation
  • Phage attachment

What triggers a lytic burst in a host cell during virus replication?

  • Genome entry
  • Environmental cues
  • Phage attachment
  • Host cell survival threats (correct)

What unique ability does a temperate phage have compared to a virulent phage?

<p>Genome integration as a prophage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During lysogeny, what state is the host in when the bacteriophage is not actively replicating?

<p>Prophage state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a virion delivers the viral genome into the host cell?

<p>Protein capsid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of icosahedral viruses?

<p>Symmetrical capsids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In tailed viruses, what is the function of the helical 'neck' structure?

<p>Attachment to the host cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of viroids compared to typical viruses?

<p>Lack of protein capsid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capsid exhibits both symmetrical and asymmetrical structures among different viruses?

<p>Icosahedral capsids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial defense mechanism involves cleaving viral DNA lacking methylation?

<p>Restriction endonucleases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Acr in the context of CRISPR defense?

<p>Inhibiting CRISPR-Cas binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a bacterial immune system that involves Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats?

<p>CRISPR-Cas complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CRISPR-Cas complex in the context of bacterial defense?

<p>Binding and cleaving phage DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial defense mechanism involves altered receptor proteins to defend against bacteriophages?

<p>CRISPR integration of phage DNA sequences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Chapter 6 in the microbiology course?

<p>The structures of viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between viruses and host cells?

<p>Viruses depend on host cells for replication of genetic material and proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In microbiology, what distinguishes the lytic replication cycle from the lysogenic replication cycle?

<p>Lytic cycle involves cell lysis, while lysogenic cycle involves host cell integration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that viruses can infect all cellular organisms according to the text?

<p>It indicates that all life forms are equally susceptible to viral infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does viral genetic material play in synthesizing proteins according to Chapter 6?

<p>Viral genetic material provides the blueprint for protein synthesis in host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of prions?

<p>They alter the conformation of normal proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do small viral genomes commonly differ from giant viral genomes?

<p>Giant genomes have a larger number of genes and are usually double-stranded DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did David Baltimore propose to classify viruses in 1971?

<p>By distinguishing classes based on capsid symmetry and envelope structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why giant viruses are significant according to the text?

<p>Their genomes encode a large number of enzymes with cellular functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classification criteria were considered by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses for devising a working classification system?

<p>Genome composition and envelope structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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