Podcast
Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Questions and Answers
How do viruses evade natural killer cells?
How do viruses evade natural killer cells?
- By reversing the downregulation of MHC 1 and upregulating host cell MHC 1 expression (correct)
- By increasing the expression of inhibitory NK receptors
- By inhibiting the activating receptor on natural killer cells
- By sequestering themselves in the nervous system
What is a strategy for viruses to evade adaptive immunity?
What is a strategy for viruses to evade adaptive immunity?
- Downregulating the host cell MHC 1 expression
- Playing hide and seek in sequestered body sites (correct)
- Expressing MHC 1-like molecules to engage inhibitory NK receptors
- Increasing the expression of activating NK receptors
How do viruses trade off avoiding natural killer cells with being recognized by other parts of the immune system?
How do viruses trade off avoiding natural killer cells with being recognized by other parts of the immune system?
- By increasing the expression of inhibitory NK receptors
- By sequestering themselves in the eye
- By modulating the expression, functioning, or signaling of NK cell activating receptors (correct)
- By downregulating the host cell MHC 1 expression
What do viruses do to avoid being recognized by natural killer cells?
What do viruses do to avoid being recognized by natural killer cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a mechanism used by pathogenic viruses to evade natural killer cells?
What is a mechanism used by pathogenic viruses to evade natural killer cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cells
- Viruses evade natural killer (NK) cells by downregulating or hiding ligands that activate NK cells, making it difficult for NK cells to recognize and eliminate infected cells.
Strategies for Evading Adaptive Immunity
- One strategy employed by viruses is antigenic variation, where they constantly change their surface proteins to evade recognition by immune cells.
Trade-off between Evading Natural Killer Cells and Recognition by Other Immune Cells
- Viruses must balance evading NK cells with avoiding recognition by other parts of the immune system, as complete evasion of NK cells may lead to increased recognition by adaptive immune cells.
Mechanisms of Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cells
- Viruses use mechanisms such as suppressing ligands, e.g., MHC class I, or expressing decoy ligands that inhibit NK cell activation, thereby evading recognition and elimination.
Pathogenic Viruses' Mechanisms for Evading Natural Killer Cells
- Pathogenic viruses, such as HCMV and HIV, employ mechanisms like expressing immunoevasins that target NK cell receptors, leading to their inactivation or apoptosis, thereby evading elimination.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of immune system evasion strategies with this quiz on viral manipulation of MHC 1 expression and natural killer cell recognition. See if you can identify how viruses can avoid being targeted by the immune system.
