Vikings, Magyars, Runes, Sagas and Poetry
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Questions and Answers

How did the Byzantine concept of Caesaropapism affect the power structure within the empire?

  • It concentrated both civil and religious authority in the hands of the Emperor, making him the ultimate ruler in all matters. (correct)
  • It granted the Patriarch significant autonomy, allowing the church to operate independently of the Emperor's direct control.
  • It divided the empire into secular and religious territories, each governed by separate entities.
  • It established a clear separation of powers between the Emperor and the Patriarch, preventing either from becoming too dominant.

What marked the end of the Byzantine Empire?

  • The Fall of Constantinople in 1453. (correct)
  • The Seljuk Attacks of 1071.
  • The Arab attacks of the 7th century.
  • The Revolt of Nika.

How did the economic conditions of the Byzantine Empire differ from those of the Frankish Empire?

  • The Byzantine Empire maintained a robust and strong economy centered around Constantinople, while the Frankish Empire's economy remained weak. (correct)
  • The Franks had a stronger centralized banking system, while the Byzantine economy relied on trade.
  • Both empires had equally strong economies due to their strategic locations and trade routes.
  • The Frankish Empire benefited from more fertile agricultural lands, leading to a more stable economy than that of the Byzantines.

How did Justinian's legal and territorial efforts contribute to the character of the Byzantine Empire?

<p>Justinian’s legal code, the <code>Corpus Juris Civilis</code>, challenged Roman law and his territorial efforts aimed to regain Western territories, reflecting the empire's ambition and reinvention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately compares the relationship between the Emperor and religious institutions in the Byzantine and Frankish Empires?

<p>In the Byzantine Empire, the Emperor held both secular and religious powers, whereas the Frankish Empire saw a developing tension and separation between secular and religious institutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the Magyars had not been stopped at the Battle of Lech in 955, which of the following scenarios is most plausible?

<p>The establishment of a permanent Magyar presence further west within the Holy Roman Empire would have been more likely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the Vikings' reliance on wood for shipbuilding and their practice of naval invasions, which environmental consequence would most likely arise from their activities?

<p>Deforestation in Scandinavia and surrounding areas, potentially leading to soil erosion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the different Viking groups and their regions of influence, which statement best reflects their impact on those regions?

<p>Swedish Vikings, also known as Varangians, significantly influenced the political and military structures of Kyivan Rus' and Byzantium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a Viking saga tells of a hero who calls upon Thor to create a storm to defeat his enemies in battle. Which aspect of Viking society and beliefs does this best exemplify?

<p>Vikings actively integrated their mythology into daily life, seeking divine intervention during crucial moments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the Viking expansion patterns, if a new set of runes were discovered with linguistic links to both Old Norse and a Slavic language, where would they most likely be found?

<p>Byzantium, reflecting the influence of Swedish Vikings (Varangians) in the region. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Magyars

A group that entered Central Europe at the end of the 9th century and was stopped in 955 at the Battle of Lech.

Vikings

Seafaring Norsemen from Scandinavia known for raids into Europe and animal husbandry practices.

Danish Vikings

Also known as Normans, they settled in places like England, Scotland, and Sicily.

Runes

The alphabet used by Vikings for writing, often inscribed on stones and artifacts.

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Odin

The supreme god in Norse mythology, often referred to as the All-Father.

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Byzantine Empire

An empire that continued from the Roman Empire, centered in Constantinople.

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Justinian

Emperor from 527-565 known for territorial expansion and legal reforms.

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Corpus Juris Civilis

A legal code established by Justinian, challenging prior Roman laws.

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Caesaropapism

The political-religious system where the Emperor heads both church and state.

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Iconoclasm

The movement opposing religious images and icons in worship.

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Study Notes

Central Europe

  • Magyars arrived at the end of the 9th century and settled in the Pannonian Basin.
  • In 955 they were defeated by the Germans along the Lech River.
  • Vikings originated from Scandinavia.
  • Developed a complex social structure.
  • Used ships to travel across Europe.
  • Three groups of Vikings:
    • Anglo-Saxon Vikings- England, Scotland, Normandy, and Sicily.
    • Norse Vikings- Iceland, Vinland(Greenland), and Scotland.
    • Swedish Vikings- Varied trade routes extending eastwards to the area that is now Russia.
  • The Vikings traded and raided locations as far apart as the Middle East and North America.

Runes/ Sagas/ Poetry

  • Runes were early Germanic alphabet used for inscriptions and writing.
  • Sagas were stories passed down through generations.
  • Poetry was used for storytelling and to preserve cultural history.
  • Notable figures involved in Viking sagas and poetry
    • Odin- ruling Norse God
    • Thor- known for his mighty strength
    • Tyr- known for his courage

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Vikings originated from Scandinavia and were divided into three groups, traded and raided locations. Magyars arrived at the end of the 9th century and settled in the Pannonian Basin. Runes were early Germanic alphabet used for inscriptions and writing. Sagas were stories passed down through generations.

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