Victimology and the Criminal Justice System

True (A)

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<p>secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaslighting = Making victims doubt their own experiences Scapegoating = Public exclusion of victims in justice practices Posttraumatic altruism = Desire for agency and connection after trauma Victim Label = Passive roles assigned to victims in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secularization has decreased religious narratives' influence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning about a traumatic event affecting a stranger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angry victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary victims are individuals who are directly victimized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Victimization includes economic harm, while trauma focuses only on physical harm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary victims = Directly victimized individuals Secondary victims = Family and loved ones of primary victims Tertiary victims = First responders and other indirect witnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to how society defines and perceives victimization, which can change over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural perspectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a narrative rupture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>criminal offence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncertainty about who is truly the victim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Narrative victimology = Focus on how victims talk about their experiences Restorative justice = Aimed at reconciling victims and perpetrators Moralization gap = Discrepancy between perception and reality of victimhood Victims' rights = Legal entitlements for those harmed by crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical and emotional harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Making victims feel like their experience is wrong, even when it's not. Often happens in situations of repeated victimization.

When victims are blamed or treated poorly after they've already been victimized.

The image of a victim as a weak, passive, and innocent person.

Scapegoating victims means society expects them to be passive and forgiving, instead of taking action.

Victims often show surprising strength, anger at offenders, and desire to take action in their lives.

Blaming victims for not fitting the 'expected' victim role. Society might not expect victims to speak out or be assertive.

The rise of victim's rights movements in recent times, where victims have more power and influence.

Van Dijk suggests that secularization (decrease in religious influence) played a role in increasing victims' rights.

The presumption of innocence is a fundamental legal principle that assumes an individual is innocent until proven guilty. This means that a person accused of a crime is not considered guilty until the prosecution presents sufficient evidence to convince a judge or jury beyond a reasonable doubt.

This criterion in the DSM-V defines Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by focusing on the type of exposure to traumatic events that can trigger the disorder. It includes direct exposure, witnessing the event, learning about the event, or experiencing repeated exposure to its details.

Victims of crime are individuals who have suffered harm as a result of a criminal offense. This includes not only physical injury, but also emotional distress, financial loss, and other forms of harm.

Traumatic events are experiences that can have a significant impact on a person's mental and emotional well-being. These events can include death, threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence, or repeated exposure to aversive details of such events.

Primary victims are individuals who are directly involved in a traumatic event. They are the ones who experience the event firsthand and suffer the most direct consequences.

Secondary victims are individuals who are indirectly affected by a traumatic event, but who have not experienced it themselves. They may be close family members, friends, or first responders who are exposed to the aftermath of the event.

The social construction of victimhood refers to the process by which society defines and understands what constitutes a victim. This understanding can change over time and vary across cultures.

This refers to the moment when someone who has experienced a traumatic event is recognized and treated as a victim. This can be important for accessing support and resources.

The study of how victimization affects a person's life story, including how they narrate their experiences and their journey towards healing and justice.

A term used to describe the disruption and fragmentation experienced by victims in their life narratives due to the traumatic event.

A phenomenon where the different narratives that are told about a victim's experience can create complex interpretations and potentially conflict with their own understanding of the event.

A theoretical perspective that examines how victims are portrayed in society and within the criminal justice system, often highlighting power imbalances and societal biases.

The concept that the perceived moral blame attributed to a victim can impact their access to support and justice; those seen as deserving become more 'moral victims' and receive more sympathy.

A person who has experienced direct harm, including physical, mental, or emotional harm, or economic loss as a result of a criminal offense.

Defining the term 'victim' in a way that encompasses their experience, considering the complexity of individual situations, cultural contexts, and the impact of power dynamics.

The situation where a victim feels victimized even if the legal definition of victimization is not met, highlighting the importance of understanding the individual's experience.