Questions and Answers
What is a victim?
A person who suffers harm due to illegal activity.
What does victimization refer to?
An asymmetrical relationship that is abusive, painful, destructive, or unfair.
What is victimology?
The scientific study of the victim's plight, criminal justice system's response, and the public's reaction.
Who are considered direct/primary victims?
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Who are indirect/secondary victims?
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What is the definition of 'survivors' in victimology?
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What are risk reduction activities?
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What is defined as risk management tactics?
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What are avoidance strategies?
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What is victim blaming?
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What is victim defending?
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What does deterrence theory propose?
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What are repeat victims/serial victims?
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What is victim facilitation?
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What defines victim precipitation?
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What is victim provocation?
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How does victimology differ from criminology?
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Match the determinants of differential risks with their descriptions:
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What does FOIA stand for?
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What are the categories of prison populations?
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Study Notes
Victim and Victimology Concepts
- Victim: An individual harmed by illegal activity, currently emphasizing injuries, losses, or hardships rather than sacrifice.
- Victimization: An abusive and unfair relationship where offenders manipulate victims into roles akin to predator/prey dynamics.
- Victimology: An academic field that studies victims' experiences, the criminal justice system's responses, and societal attitudes towards victims.
Types of Victims
- Direct/Primary Victims: Individuals who directly experience a criminal act and its immediate consequences.
- Indirect/Secondary Victims: Individuals not directly involved but affected by the trauma, like first responders witnessing traumatic events.
- Survivors: Close relatives of murdered victims, framed in a more positive light compared to the term "victim."
Risk Management Concepts
- Risk Reduction Activities: Strategies to limit exposure to dangers, reducing the likelihood of becoming a target for crime.
- Risk Management Tactics: Approaches like walking in groups or carrying self-defense tools to lower harm chances.
- Avoidance Strategies: Precautions taken to minimize risks, such as not inviting strangers into homes or disregarding unwelcome conversations.
Responsibility and Accountability
- Victim Blaming: The tendency to hold victims partially responsible for their victimization, suggesting complicity in the crime.
- Victim Defending: A counter perspective emphasizing the aggressor's full accountability and denying any blame on the injured party.
Theoretical Perspectives
- Deterrence Theory: Proposes that swift and certain punishment can prevent crime, acting as a deterrent to potential offenders.
- Repeat Victims/Serial Victims: Individuals targeted multiple times, with offenders using prior knowledge of the victim or location for future crimes.
Behavioral Dynamics
- Victim Facilitation: Instances where victims unknowingly contribute to their victimization, attracting offenders.
- Victim Precipitation: Concept suggesting that victims might provoke offenders, creating an assumption of partial blame.
- Victim Provocation: Actions that instigate unlawful behavior, with the argument that victims may bear more responsibility in confrontations.
Distinctions in Study Fields
- Victimology vs Criminology: Victimology focuses on victim experiences and relationships with offenders; criminology examines the motives behind criminal behavior.
Determinants of Differential Risks
- Factors influencing victimization risk include attractiveness, proximity to offenders, deviant environments, personal vulnerability, lifestyle choices, exposure to risks, character traits, and belonging to equivalent groups.
Additional Legal and Population Context
- FOIA: Freedom of Information Act allows public access to facility information, with a two-week response time for requests.
- Prison Populations: Divided categories include general population, protective custody, segregation, juvenile, and female inmates.
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Explore essential concepts in victimology with these flashcards. Each card provides definitions that clarify important terms such as 'victim' and 'victimization.' Perfect for students seeking a deeper understanding of these critical concepts.