Clinical Chemistry Pre-Boards Exam (1 Corinthians 15:57)

AccuVein is a newly marketed hand-held medical device that helps medical staff visualize veins before phlebotomy. The device emits infrared light and is held about ___ inches over the potential phlebotomy site. Hb in the blood absorbs infrared light and projects an image map of the veins onto the patient's overlying skin.

Effect of high temperature to blood draw volume:

In situations where blood is drawn at high altitudes (>5,000 feet), the draw volume may be:

The term PHARMACOKINETICS refers to the:

The term PHARMACODYNAMICS is an expression of the relationship between:

Which route of administration is associated with 100% bioavailability?

Which substance has the longest detection time?

Which of the following elevates carboxyhemoglobin?

Clinical assays for tumor markers are most important for:

Which of the following tumor markers is used to monitor persons with breast cancer for recurrence of disease?

Which type of cancer is associated with the highest level of AFP?

Detection of which of the following substances is most useful to monitor the course of a patient with testicular cancer?

When preparing a patient for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which of the following conditions will lead to erroneous results?

The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:

An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:

Which of the following protein methods has the highest analytical sensitivity?

At pH 8.6, proteins are ___ charged and migrate toward the ___.

Which of the following dyes is the most specific for measurement of albumin?

Hyperalbuminemia is caused by:

The largest major nonimmunoglobulin protein in plasma:

The function of this protein is to bind free hemoglobin to prevent the loss of hemoglobin and its constituent, iron, into the urine:

A decreased level of AFP during pregnancy indicate a risk of:

All of the following refers to Mancini RID, except:

What is the most appropriate fasting procedure when a lipid study of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol tests are ordered?

If the serum specimen appears opaque and milky (lipemic, from chylomicrons), the triglyceride level is:

A patient sample is assayed for fasting triglycerides and a triglyceride value of 1,036 mg/dL. This value is of immediate concern because of its association with which of the following conditions?

For individuals over 40 years old, there is MODERATE risk of developing coronary heart disease when cholesterol is greater than ___ mg/dL.

Which of the following blood samples would serve best to assay lipoproteins because this anticoagulant acts to preserve lipoproteins?

The chemical composition of HDL corresponds to:

Major structural protein in VLDL and LDL:

Structural protein in chylomicrons:

Which of the following is associated with Tangier disease?

Abetalipoproteinemia is also known as

Which condition is caused by deficient secretion of bilirubin into the bile canaliculi?

Which of the following would cause an increase in only the unconjugated bilirubin?

A laboratory measures total bilirubin by the Jendrassik-Grof bilirubin method with sample blanking. What would be the effect of moderate hemolysis on the test result?

It is defined as destruction of the liver's architecture. The leading cause of this condition is alcohol abuse.

A nonprotein molecule necessary for enzyme activity:

Catalyze the joining of the two substrate molecules:

One international unit of enzyme activity is the amount of enzyme that will, under specified reaction conditions of substrate concentration, pH and temperature, cause utilization of substrate at the rate of:

Which condition produces the highest elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase?

Which condition gives rise to the highest serum level of transaminases?

Which substrate is used in the Bowers-McComb method for ALP?

In monitoring glomerular function, which of the following tests has the highest sensitivity?

Which of the following formulas is the correct expression for creatinine clearance?

What substance may be measured as an alternative to creatinine for evaluating GFR?

Select the test which evaluates renal tubular function.

Electrolytes essential for neuromuscular excitability:

1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Magnesium
4. Sodium

Electrolytes essential for myocardial rhythm and contractility:

1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Magnesium
4. Sodium

Electrolytes for acid-base balance:

1. Bicarbonate
2. Potassium
3. Magnesium
4. Sodium

Electrolytes for blood coagulation:

Counterion of sodium:

It counterbalances the major cation, sodium:

Which of the following values is the threshold critical value (alert or action level) for high plasma sodium?

Which of the following values is the threshold critical value (alert or action level) for low plasma potassium?

Which of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose main function is maintaining osmotic pressure?

Hyponatremia due to increased water retention:

1. Congestive heart failure
2. Hepatic cirrhosis
3. Nephrotic syndrome
4. Renal failure

Hypokalemia due to gastrointestinal loss:

Alkalosis causes hypokalemia due to:

Organs that affect calcium levels:

Which of the following hormones involved in calcium regulation acts by decreasing both calcium and phosphorus?

A hospitalized patient is experiencing increased neuromuscular irritability (tetany). Which of the following tests should be ordered immediately?

Main inorganic component of bones and teeth:

Which of the following is likely to occur first in iron deficiency anemia?

A biologically active form of ___ found in brewer's yeast, known as glucose tolerance factor (GTF).

Which of the following conditions will cause an increased anion gap?

Which formula is most accurate in predicting plasma osmolality?

Which of the following will shift the O₂ dissociation curve to the left?

What is the normal ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved carbon dioxide (HCO₃--:dCO₂) in arterial blood?

Blood received in the laboratory for blood gas analysis must meet which of the following requirements?

Which of the following effects results from exposure of a normal arterial blood sample to room air?

Which of the following represents the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation as applied to blood pH?

The role of the lungs and kidneys in maintaining pH is depicted with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The numerator denotes ___ functions.

The role of the lungs and kidneys in maintaining pH is depicted with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The denominator denotes ___ functions.

Primary cause of respiratory acidosis:

Which of the following is the primary mechanism causig respiratory alkalosis?

The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:

Severe diarrhea causes:

Most automated blood gas analyzers directly measure:

Main (predominant) hormone produced by the thyroid:

In terms of biologic activity, what is the most potent thyroid hormone?

Cholesterol and triglycerides in hypothyroidism:

The recommended initial thyroid function test for either a healthy, asymptomatic patient or a patient with symptoms which may be related to a thyroid disorder is:

Which statement about TSH and T4 in early pregnancy is correct?

The hormone that triggers ovulation is:

Which of the following is the mechanism causing Cushing's disease?

Sampling for ACTH determination

All of the following are associated with primary hyperaldosteronism, EXCEPT:

What common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?

Main estrogen found in nonpregnant women

Main estrogen found in pregnant women

During a normal pregnancy, quantitive human chrionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels peak how many weeks after the last menstrual period?

The term R:4s means that:

In most circumstances, when two controls within a run are both greater than +2s from the mean, what action should be taken first?

Demonstrate an ABRUPT CHANGE from the established average value for 3 days in a row:

A trend in QC results is most likely caused by:

Which plot will give the earliest indication of a shift or trend?

Which of the following statistical terms reflects the best index of precision when comparing two parameters?

In an institution, a comprehensive program in which all areas of operation are monitored to ensure quality with the aim of providing the highest quality patient care:

In the laboratory, a program that monitors the total testing process with the aim of providing the highest quality patient care: