7

Study Notes

Yeast need nitrogen, oxygen, and minerals to function properly.
Nitrogen is essential for yeast to make protein and increase the number of yeast cells in the fermentation.
Yeast count and fermentation speed are both affected by the amount of nitrogen in the juice.
Pre-mixed yeast nutrients containing free amino nitrogen (FAN) and/or an ammonium source of nitrogen are used to supplement the juice to achieve the correct levels of nitrogen.
Low or deficient levels of nitrogen can lead to the production of sulphur compounds.
Inactivated yeast cell wall material can be found in pre-mixed yeast nutrients and it absorbs materials that are poisonous to yeast. This material also acts as a nuc.
Orchards are used to grow apples for eating and for cider.
There are differences in the harvesting process based on the variety of apple being used.
Orchards are seasonal based and driven by the time of year and the weather.
Apple trees grow in temperate areas around the world.
During this time of the year, not much happens in the orchard.
Winter pests can be an issue and there is a danger that the trees could literally drown.
Winter pruning of the trees is important.
It is important to keep heavy machinery out of the orchard.
The apple harvest is a long, drawn-out process that can be complicated by adverse weather.
Different apple varieties will ripen at different times, so it is important to stagger the harvest.
Planting is an important part of the apple harvest, as it is the only time we can choose the varieties we turn into cider.
The most common way to deal with an apple harvest that is nearing its end is to plant a range of varieties that ripen at different times, which means we only need to harvest each row once.