49 Questions
What is the major cause of hypoxemia following an RTA?
Tension pneumothorax
What is a key component of evaluating a trauma patient according to the text?
Interpreting the findings of diagnostic techniques
Which imaging technique showed a high sensitivity for diagnosing pulmonary contusions after trauma?
Lung ultrasound
What is the main characteristic of tension pneumothorax?
Cardiovascular collapse
What is a potential management option for recurrent pneumothorax after needle thoracocentesis?
Continuous pleural drainage
What is a characteristic feature of fractured ribs associated with pulmonary contusions?
Flail chest
What is a key indicator of tension pneumothorax in severely dyspnoeic/cyanotic patients?
Barrel-chest
What is the goal of managing pneumothorax?
Re-expansion of the collapsed lung
What is the recommended range for controlling PaCO2 in patients at risk of developing ICH?
30-35 mmHg
What is the recommended PaO2 level to be maintained through mechanical ventilation in TBI patients?
More than 80 mmHg
Which medication is recommended for reducing cerebral edema in patients with clinical evidence of ICH?
Mannitol
What is the recommended hypertonic saline concentration for reducing cerebral edema in TBI patients?
NaCl 7.5%
In cases of mandibular symphyseal fractures in cats following RTA, what nutritional management should be considered?
Considering the placement of an oesophagostomy tube
What is essential for optimizing treatment and early detection of clinical deterioration in RTA patients?
Frequent re-assessment
What percentage of serious injuries in veterinary medicine are accounted for by trauma?
35%
Which of the following is a consequence of trauma in animals according to the text?
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Which type of trauma is commonly associated with death in trauma cases in animals according to the text?
Thoracic trauma
What does triage in trauma involve according to the text?
Ranking and managing injuries based on their threat to the animal's life
What is more sensitive in detecting pulmonary contusions in animals according to the text?
Point-of-care lung ultrasonography
What is recommended for pleural/pericardial effusions having a clinical impact?
Thoracentesis or pericardiocentesis
What is the primary concern when assessing a patient with pain-associated hypoventilation?
Managing hypoventilation with local blocks and systemic analgesics
What does the Glasgow Coma Scale (modified) range from?
3 to 18
What does a score of 8 on the modified Glasgow Coma Scale indicate?
Moderate chance of survival
What is the primary characteristic of secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Intracranial and systemic insults leading to neuronal cell death
What is the primary method for assessing raised intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Glasgow Coma Scale (modified)
What percentage of serious injuries in veterinary medicine are accounted for by trauma?
35%
What is the primary method for assessing raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in trauma patients?
Intracranial pressure monitoring device
What is the recommended hypertonic saline concentration for reducing cerebral edema in trauma patients?
3%
What is the main characteristic of tension pneumothorax?
Hyperresonance to percussion
What is the recommended range for controlling PaCO2 in patients at risk of developing intracranial hypertension (ICH)?
25-30 mmHg
What is the primary concern when assessing a patient with pain-associated hypoventilation?
Hypercapnia
What is a characteristic feature of fractured ribs associated with pulmonary contusions?
Flail chest
What is used to illustrate the initial evaluation and management of trauma patients in the text?
Clinical flowcharts
What is the primary concern when assessing a patient with pain-associated hypoventilation?
Respiratory acidosis
What is essential for optimizing treatment and early detection of clinical deterioration in RTA patients?
Continuous monitoring
What is the primary concern when assessing a patient with pain-associated hypoventilation?
Identifying the cause of hypoventilation and managing pain effectively
What is the main characteristic of tension pneumothorax?
Rapid accumulation of air under pressure in the pleural space leading to lung collapse
What is the recommended range for controlling PaCO2 in patients at risk of developing intracranial hypertension (ICH)?
Maintaining PaCO2 at 30-35 mmHg
What is the goal of managing pneumothorax?
Re-expanding the collapsed lung and preventing recurrence
What is a characteristic feature of fractured ribs associated with pulmonary contusions?
Paradoxical chest motion
What is a key indicator of tension pneumothorax in severely dyspnoeic/cyanotic patients?
Barrel-chest
What imaging technique showed a high sensitivity for diagnosing pulmonary contusions after trauma?
Lung ultrasound
What is the major cause of hypoxemia following an RTA (Road Traffic Accident)?
Pulmonary contusions
What is the recommended range for controlling PaCO2 in patients at risk of developing ICH?
30-35 mmHg
What is the primary purpose of using hypertonic saline in reducing cerebral edema in TBI patients with clinical evidence of ICH?
To decrease brain swelling
What is the recommended dose for Mannitol IV over 20 minutes in patients with clinical evidence of ICH?
0.5-1 g/kg
What is the recommended PaO2 level to be maintained through mechanical ventilation in TBI patients?
80-90 mmHg
What is the primary concern when assessing a patient with mandibular symphyseal fractures following RTA?
Nutritional management
What is a common consequence of trauma in animals according to the text?
Hypoxemia
Study Notes
Veterinary Trauma Management Overview
- Factors influencing the timing of surgical intervention for diaphragmatic hernia/rupture include patient stability and nature of herniated contents.
- Management of diaphragmatic hernia/rupture will be covered in the Alimentary Module Clinical Reasoning Workshops under “Hernias and Ruptures”.
- Pain-associated hypoventilation can be managed with local blocks (lidocaine or bupivacaine) and systemic analgesics.
- Drainage is recommended for pleural/pericardial effusions having a clinical impact.
- The lecture-based problem in the Formative CDM Questions Practice discusses Tess, a 6-month-old Springer Spaniel, with reduced level of consciousness. The question arises whether it is due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or secondary to shock/hypoxemia.
- Head trauma and TBI are common following road traffic accidents (RTA) in dogs, with 25% involved in RTA experiencing TBI.
- TBI is characterized by primary and secondary injuries, with the latter occurring hours to days after trauma.
- Primary TBI includes concussion, contusion, laceration, and various types of hemorrhage/hematoma.
- Secondary TBI involves a combination of intracranial and systemic insults, leading to neuronal cell death.
- Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) can lead to brain herniation if not identified and treated, and can be assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (modified).
- The Glasgow Coma Scale (modified) ranges from 3 to 18, with lower scores indicating severe neurological dysfunction and a score of 8 associated with a 50% chance of survival.
- The text includes a reference to a study on the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Coma Scale in head trauma in dogs.
Veterinary Trauma Management Overview
- Factors influencing the timing of surgical intervention for diaphragmatic hernia/rupture include patient stability and nature of herniated contents.
- Management of diaphragmatic hernia/rupture will be covered in the Alimentary Module Clinical Reasoning Workshops under “Hernias and Ruptures”.
- Pain-associated hypoventilation can be managed with local blocks (lidocaine or bupivacaine) and systemic analgesics.
- Drainage is recommended for pleural/pericardial effusions having a clinical impact.
- The lecture-based problem in the Formative CDM Questions Practice discusses Tess, a 6-month-old Springer Spaniel, with reduced level of consciousness. The question arises whether it is due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or secondary to shock/hypoxemia.
- Head trauma and TBI are common following road traffic accidents (RTA) in dogs, with 25% involved in RTA experiencing TBI.
- TBI is characterized by primary and secondary injuries, with the latter occurring hours to days after trauma.
- Primary TBI includes concussion, contusion, laceration, and various types of hemorrhage/hematoma.
- Secondary TBI involves a combination of intracranial and systemic insults, leading to neuronal cell death.
- Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) can lead to brain herniation if not identified and treated, and can be assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (modified).
- The Glasgow Coma Scale (modified) ranges from 3 to 18, with lower scores indicating severe neurological dysfunction and a score of 8 associated with a 50% chance of survival.
- The text includes a reference to a study on the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Coma Scale in head trauma in dogs.
Test your knowledge of veterinary trauma management with this quiz. Explore topics such as diaphragmatic hernia/rupture, pain management, pleural/pericardial effusions, traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary and secondary injuries, intracranial pressure, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (modified). Perfect for veterinary professionals and students looking to expand their understanding of trauma management in animals.
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