Veterinary Skin Therapeutics Quiz

Tetracyclines are a class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect. This means they stop the bacteria from multiplying but don't directly kill them. Their effectiveness is time-dependent, meaning the longer they are present, the more effective they are.

Sulfonamides and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, often combined as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), interfere with the production of folic acid in bacteria. This disrupts their ability to synthesize purines, essential building blocks for DNA. This action is bactericidal, meaning it directly kills bacteria, and is time-dependent.

Lincosamides are a group of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, leading to a bacteriostatic effect. Their action is time-dependent, meaning their effectiveness increases with longer exposure.

Time-dependent antibiotics are most effective when their concentration in the body remains above a certain threshold for an extended period. This means that regular dosing and maintaining adequate blood levels is crucial for their effectiveness.

Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria without directly killing them. They rely on the host's immune system to eliminate the bacteria.

An antifungal medication used to treat ringworm in horses.

Chemicals used to kill or control ectoparasites (external parasites) on animals.

A group of drugs that work by affecting the nervous system of parasites, resulting in paralysis and death. Examples include selamectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin.

Belongs to the phenylpyrazole group. A commonly used insecticide that inhibits GABA complex in parasites causing uncontrolled nervous activity and death. However, it's very dangerous for rabbits.

A group of insecticides that work by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in parasites, causing paralysis and death. Examples include imidacloprid and nitenpyram.

A group of insecticides that work by affecting sodium channels in parasites, resulting in initial excitement followed by paralysis and death. Examples include permethrin, cypermethrin, and flumethrin.

A formamidine insecticide/acaracide that acts as an octopamine receptor agonist, causing increased nervous activity in synapses and rapid detachment/death of parasites.

A type of mite infection that requires weekly washes with amitraz until two negative skin scrapings/hair plucks collected two weeks apart.

A medicine used for certain skin conditions in dogs, it works by blocking substances that cause inflammation.

A medicine for atopic dermatitis in dogs, it works by specifically targeting an inflammatory protein called IL-31.

A class of drugs that block the activity of various proteins involved in inflammation. They have various uses in dogs.

Common side effects of ciclosporin include transient vomiting and diarrhoea, and an increase in gum size.

Cyclosporin is a medicine for certain skin conditions in dogs. It helps reduce inflammation.

A class of drugs that act as alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonists, leading to sedation and bradycardia in mammals. Their effects can be reversed by using an alpha-2-adrenoreceptor antagonist like atipamezole.

A type of insecticide that affects developing stages of insects (eggs, pupae, larvae), but not adult parasites. It takes several weeks for the effects to be visible, so it's often combined with an adulticide.

A type of insecticide that kills adult insects.

The combination of an adulticide and an insect growth regulator, providing broader spectrum control by acting on both adult and developing stages of insects.

Highly effective anti-inflammatory drugs frequently used in veterinary medicine. They have a range of side effects, especially when used chronically.

A type of medication with more targeted T-cell suppression than glucocorticoids, providing comparable efficacy for pruritus (itching). It inhibits the activation of T-lymphocytes.

One of the most common side effects of chronic glucocorticoid therapy. It is characterized by excessive thirst, urination, and hunger.

A serious condition that can occur due to prolonged glucocorticoid use, leading to Cushing's disease in dogs. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including weight gain, lethargy, and increased water consumption.

A class of drugs that bind to cytoplasmic receptors, then enter the nucleus and alter DNA transcription. This leads to widespread effects including reducing inflammation, suppressing the immune system, and preventing scarring.

These drugs block the activation of T-lymphocytes, preventing them from producing IL-2 and other T-cell cytokines. This stops the immune system from overreacting to allergens.

This type of drug blocks the activity of JAK enzymes, which stops pro-inflammatory cytokines from causing allergic reactions and itching.

Lokivetmab specifically targets IL-31, a cytokine that plays a key role in skin inflammation and itchiness.

These drugs work by blocking histamine receptors, thus reducing the inflammatory and itch-inducing effects of histamine.

Antihistamines like chlorphenamine, promethazine, and cetirizine block histamine from binding to H1 receptors, which are found on nerve endings, smooth muscles, and glandular cells.

Antihistamines can be effective in treating allergic reactions, but their effectiveness can vary. They may work best when taken before exposure to the allergen. Not responding to one antihistamine doesn't mean you won't respond to another.

Essential fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, can have weak anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with the arachidonic acid cascade. They may also help reduce the need for steroids.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy, often called allergy shots, can help desensitize individuals to specific allergens by gradually exposing them to increasing doses of the allergen over time.

Antibacterials like cephalexin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, clindamycin, fucidic acid, and polymyxin B are commonly used to treat bacterial infections of the skin.

Miconazole and nystatin are topical antifungals used for treating fungal infections of the skin. Itraconazole is a systemic antifungal commonly used for more severe skin infections.

Adult ectoparasiticides like selamectin, ivermectin, moxidectin, fipronil, alfoxalaner, imidacloprid, permethrin, and amitraz target different mechanisms in parasites, effectively controlling them.