Skin therapeutics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about emollients is correct?

  • Emollients are used to control pustules on the skin.
  • Emollients reduce water content in the stratum corneum.
  • Emollients typically increase transepidermal water loss.
  • Emollients can be made from animal or plant oils. (correct)

Which of the following agents can improve skin barrier function?

  • Essential fatty acids (correct)
  • Degreasing agents
  • Drying drugs
  • Antibiotics

What do polypharmacy ear drops/creams typically contain?

  • Antifungal + antihistamine + corticosteroid
  • Antibiotic + antifungal + corticosteroid (correct)
  • Antibiotic + antihistamine + corticosteroid
  • Antibiotic + antifungal + antihistamine

Which of the following is a consideration when selecting a topical therapy for otitis externa?

<p>The potential for ototoxicity if the tympanic membrane is ruptured (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of using ear cleaners to avoid maceration of the ear canal?

<p>Maximum 1-2 times weekly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of topical therapy for otitis externa?

<p>Possible toxicity or loss of efficacy if licked off (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of using an antibiotic unnecessarily when treating Malassezia?

<p>Resistance to antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the lowest tier antibiotic that is likely to be effective for treating Malassezia?

<p>Fluoroquinolone products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glucocorticoids is the lowest potency?

<p>Hydrocortisone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is less effective in the presence of Pus?

<p>Polymixin-B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inactivates Polymixin-B?

<p>Pus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using topical therapy for otitis externa?

<p>Limited access to skin due to hair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common aim of therapy for otitis externa?

<p>Improve skin barrier function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consideration when selecting a product for otitis externa?

<p>Actions of the drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents can be used to dissolve/soften cerumen?

<p>Squalene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of using topical therapy more than once or twice a week?

<p>Increased risk of infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of emollients?

<p>They reduce transepidermal water loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an emollient?

<p>Colloidal oatmeal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of moisturizers?

<p>To increase water content of the stratum corneum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can improve skin barrier function?

<p>Essential fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using keratolytic agents?

<p>To reduce cohesion between cells of the stratum corneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common keratoplastic/keratolytic agent?

<p>Sulphur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when selecting a product for otitis externa?

<p>Whether the coat is greasy or dry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do polypharmacy ear drops/creams typically contain?

<p>Antibiotic, antifungal, and corticosteroid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using polypharmacy ear drops/creams for otitis externa?

<p>To treat secondary infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using drying drugs like chlorhexidine?

<p>They can cause maceration of the ear canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest potency glucocorticoid possible?

<p>The lowest potency glucocorticoid possible is hydrocortisone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotics are more ototoxic than others?

<p>Gentamycin and polymixin-B are more ototoxic than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is inactivated by pus?

<p>Polymixin-B is inactivated by pus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should ear cleaners be used to avoid maceration of the ear canal?

<p>Ear cleaners should be used a maximum of 1-2 times weekly to avoid maceration of the ear canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common aims of therapy for otitis externa?

<p>The common aims of therapy for otitis externa are to kill/repel parasites, control/cure microbial infection, control inflammation/pruritus, moisturize/improve skin barrier function, and resolve scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the pros of using topical therapy in treating otitis media?

<p>The pros of using topical therapy include decreased concerns about side effects associated with systemic drugs, direct delivery of drug to skin which can achieve higher concentration than with systemic therapy, and the ability to target therapy and achieve differing actions on different areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cons of using topical therapy?

<p>The cons of using topical therapy include being labor-intensive with compliance being an issue, some animals may not tolerate it, the area of the body may preclude its use, hair may impede access to the skin, and there is a possible toxicity/loss of efficacy if licked off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are emollients and what is their role in skincare?

<p>Emollients are substances that soften, lubricate, and soothe the skin. They help to seal in water and reduce water loss from the stratum corneum. They can be derived from animal or plant-based oils, such as lanolin, coconut oil, or vaseline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do moisturisers improve the water content of the stratum corneum?

<p>Moisturisers increase the water content of the stratum corneum by drawing in water. They contain ingredients such as colloidal oatmeal, aloe vera, urea, glycerine, propylene glycol, sodium or ammonium lactate/lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some agents that can improve skin barrier function?

<p>Some agents that can improve skin barrier function include essential fatty acids (taken orally or applied topically), some essential oils, and ophytrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of antiseborrhoeic agents used to control scale?

<p>Antiseborrhoeic agents used to control scale have keratolytic and keratoplastic properties. Keratolytic agents reduce the cohesion between cells of the stratum corneum, while keratoplastic agents restore normal epidermal epithelialisation and keratinisation and reduce epithelial turnover. Common keratoplastic/keratolytic agents include sulphur, salicylic acid, and ammonium lactate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are drying drugs like chlorhexidine used in skincare?

<p>Drying drugs like chlorhexidine should be used with caution as they can have a drying effect on the skin. They may need to be formulated with a moisturiser to minimize drying, and regularity of application should be considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of polypharmacy ear drops/creams used to treat otitis externa?

<p>Polypharmacy ear drops/creams used to treat otitis externa typically contain an antibiotic, an antifungal, and a corticosteroid. These components are used to treat the inflammation and secondary infection often associated with otitis externa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you select the appropriate product for otitis externa treatment?

<p>The selection of a product for otitis externa treatment is based on various factors. These include the severity of inflammation and infection, the presence of pus, the greasiness or dryness of the coat, and the desired outcome of the therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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