Veterinary Pathology: Skin and Organ Disorders

• The provided text contains multiple-choice questions across various units: Skin, Eye and Ear, Muscles and Tendons, Joints, Bones, Bone Marrow and Fabricio's bag, Lymph Nodes and Tonsils, Liver and Pericardium. Myocardium, Endocardium and heart failure, Blood/Lymphatic Vessels, Nasal Cavity, Larynx/Trachea/Bronchi, and Lungs,

Cadaveric Hypostasis

• Post-mortem lividity is another name for cadaveric hypostasis.

Congenital Hypertrichosis

• Excessive long hair growth is a key characteristic in cattle.
• Friesian is the breed of cattle most associated with it.

Congenital Alopecia

• Genetic factors are the primary cause.

Skin Disorder (Excessive Scaling)

• Seborrhea is characterized by excessive scaling but is not histological.

Hypothyroidism in Dogs

• Alopecia in friction areas is a major clinical sign.

Endocrine Disorder ("Rat Tail")

• Hypothyroidism is commonly associated with "rat tail" appearance in dogs.

Cutaneous Calcinosis

• Hypercalcemia is a common cause.

Necrolytic Migratory Erythema in Dogs

• Liver disease is the primary cause.

Pityriasis Rosea

• Pigs are the species most commonly affected.

Hyperadrenocorticism

• Dermal thinning is the primary histopathologic finding.

Metabolic Disorder (Cracked Skin, Yellow Scales)

• Zinc deficiency is associated.

Pyoderma in Dogs

• Epidermal collarettes are a common sign of bacterial dermatitis.

Exudative Epidermitis in Pigs

• Greasy pig disease is the common name.

Dermatophytosis

• Zoonotic potential is a key feature.

Bovine Footrot

• Fusobacterium necrophorum is the primary organism responsible.

Viral Dermatitis (Umbilicated Pustules)

• Sheep pox presents as umbilicated pustules.

Atopic Dermatitis

• Type I hypersensitivity reaction is associated.

"Diamond Skin Disease" in Pigs

• Swine erysipelas is known as "Diamond Skin Disease".

Pemphigus Foliaceus

• Subcorneal pustules are a common histological feature.

Mycobacterial Granulomas in Cats

• Mycobacterium lepraemurium is the primary cause.

Mite (Burrowing, Zoonotic)

• Sarcoptes mite burrows and is zoonotic.

Bullous Pemphigoid

• Subepidermal vesicles are a distinguishing feature.

Skin Disease (Thickened, Hairless Folds)

• Besnoitiosis is characterized by thickened skin with hairless folds.

Eosinophilic Infiltrate in Horses

• Summer sores (Habronemiasis) presents as an eosinophilic infiltrate.

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

• Hydropic degeneration of basal keratinocytes is a common histopathologic feature.

Skin Tumor in Dogs

• Mast cell tumor is the most common type.

Deep Mycosis

• Cryptococcosis is a deep mycosis.

Photosensitization Dermatitis

• Ingestion of photosensitizing compounds contributes most.

Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

• Flea allergy dermatitis is often associated.

Post-Mortem Eye Change

• Drying and shrinking of the eye is a common post-mortem change

Anophthalmia

• A complete absence of the eye globe characterizes anophthalmia.

Anophthalmia vs. Microphthalmia

• Microphthalmia is a small but present globe, while anophthalmia has no eye.
• Anophthalmia in cat only occurs in cats, while anophthalmia occurs in dogs

Cyclopia

• Veratrum californicum causes cyclopia in sheep and llamas when ingested during pregnancy.

Coloboma

• Failure of the optic fissure to close causes coloboma.

Collie Eye Anomaly

• Collies are the breed most commonly affected.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy

• Initial night blindness progressing to total blindness is the primary characteristic.

Incomplete Eyelid Closure

• Lagophthalmos results in incomplete eyelid closure.

Entropion

• Inward rolling of the eyelid characterizes entropion.

Metabolic Disorder Affecting Conjunctiva/Cornea

• Squamous metaplasia is a common result of vitamin A deficiency.

"Cherry Eye"

• Prolapse of the third eyelid gland is commonly called "cherry eye".

Blepharitis

• Inflammation of the eyelids is referred to as blepharitis.

Dacryocystitis

• Inflammation of the eyelids is the main cause.

Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Cattle

• Moraxella bovis is the primary bacterial cause; know as pink eye.

Prominent Symptom of Ulcerative Keratitis

• Excessive blinking and tearing are common symptoms.

Melting Corneal Ulcers

• Bacterial collagenases and proteases are the primary cause.

Pannus Keratitis

• German Shepherds are most commonly affected.

Corneal Drying

• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca results in corneal drying

Defining Characteristic of Cataracts

• Opacity of the lens is a defining characteristic of cataracts.

Species Most Affected by Cataracts

• Dogs are the species most commonly affected.

Lens Luxation

• Terrier breeds are most commonly affected.

Uveitis

• The uveal tract/layer is the structure that is inflamed.

Uveitis Associated with FIP

• Granulomatous uveitis is commonly associated with Feline Infectious Peritonitis.

Inflammation Affecting All Eye Structures

• Panophthalmitis term for inflammation including the optic nerve.

Glaucoma

• Increased introcular pressure in the major characteristics.

Atrophied Result of Inflammation

• Phthisis bulbi results in a small, shrunken, disorganized eye due to inflammation.

Primary Causes of Ocular Tumors

• Exposure to UV light are common.

Most Common Ocular Parasite

• Toxocara canis common.

Cause of chorioretinitis

• Systemic infections common.

Consequences of Untreated Uveitis

• All of the above are possible: Cataract formation, Detatchment, Synechiae formation

Macrotia

• An abnormally large ear flap is macrotia.

Clinical Signs of Congenital Inner Ear Disorders

• Head tilting and circling are clinical signs.

Cause of Aural Hematomas:

• Trauma/head shaking causes aural hematomas.

Otitis externa

• Bacteria, fungi, or parasites can cause otitis externa.

Equine Aural Plaque

• A key feature is white-gray nodules inside the ear flap.

Otitis media

• Strep equi common, in horses.

Oitis Interna

• A serious consequence is hearing loss and balance.

######## Tumor

• Squamous cell carcinoma common.

######### Ear parasite

• Otodectes spp. commonly found in cat and dog ears.

########## Rigor mortis:

• The first stage is stiffening of the head and neck.

########### Arthrogryposis

• Congential fixes.

############ Myostatin

• Breed with myostation= excessive muscle growth.

What is the cause of white muscle disease?

• Selenium and vitamin deficiency.

What muscle results from inactivity and malnutrition

• Muscular Atrophy

####What is the primary cause of malignant hypothermia in pigs?

• Calcium ion imbalance.

What infection causes blackleg in cattle

• Clostridium

What monday disease in horses

• Equine rhabdomyolysis.

####### Fat Muscle Tissue

• Muscle Steatosis leads to this.

######## Lack of Muscular Artophy:

• Neruogenic atrophy.

######### Purlurent myostist:

• Due to Trueperella pyogenes.

########## Cysticercosis in Cattle:

• Caused by Taenia solium.

########### Parsite that Calcifies

• Caused by Trichinella spiralis.

Common Sarcorsystosis

• Muscle necrosis.

What is Bursistis:

• Hygroma is common.

Calcium and Ossifiacation

• Dystrophic Calcification

Bacterial Infection with TB Myotis:

• Bacteria is associated with tuberculous myoitis.

Most Common Tumor Types

• Rabdosarcoma

####### Inflatory Response:

• Sarcorsystosis leads to this.

######## Infarction

• Related to Severe Ischemia

######### What clears fluids from chronic bursitis:

• Hygroma.

Main characteristic of dysplsasia:

• Flattening the acetabulum and femoral head deformation.

Most commonly affected:

• Large breed dogs and pigs.

What is associated Arthro:

• Congenital joint fixation and high hypoplasia.

####### What is the Cause of Osteo

• Failure of endochondral ossification

long-term cause

• Osteoarthritis (arthrosis)

dissecan:

• Formation,

What is the primary characteristics:

• Progressive joint degen

What lead to ankle

• Sepeic arthiris.

diff primary:

• Primary has no known cause.

####### spavin and causes:

• Chronic deforning and causing arthropathy.

####### consequences to sponds:

• Compression to nerves.

fluid with no infection:

Hydrarthrosis is this.

most common :

Cartilage fragments.

is called:

Immune mediation

bacteria cause of arthritis

myoplasma bovis is the main problem!

Feature of purluent

• Thick , pus filled.

Bacteria Contagious:

• T pyogenes!

Mirco feature :

• synovie villi!!

####### What has significant no cartilage?

• Chronic non erosive disease is this !

####### associated lyme disease Fibrous arthris.

• ------- What occurs with perulant?:
• Persistent synovitis and Ankylos:

Primary causes of Gout?:

• Deposition of urate.

Key macroscopic :

• Chalky deposits.

What mostly occurs:

• Humasn, birds, and reptiles

Parnus main :

• Destruction on the way to articuler cartilage .

####### Which is the disease:

• Sepeic disease,

Bacteria in Joints:

Trauma leading to the bleeding is the main primary cause.

####### What is the common cause of Diaciitis:

• Bacterial Infection leads.

Inflammatory that effects what and what?

• Spondylodiscitis is what is.

Peri arthritis Definition

• Inflammation of tissue is arthritis.

What is compacted:

• Cancellous bone is the answer to this.

What is the function or Cancellous;

• Metabloic function.

EPI plates:

• proliferation is responsible for plates.

Main Defact :

• Collegen is missing.

BONE!

• Defectivity!

Feature:

• Defect osteoclast!

Feature Definition:

_ development What results in defomriorty: Achondefraction

Characterized:

• Extra Digitis.

Promary CAse:

• Pathlogical loss of bone

Whats primary rickets young animals:

• Definition!!

What condition is known as adult :

• Ostermalacia.

Cause fo Fibro:

High Hormone

Micro Feature ;

• Replacement of fiber tissue

effect on lead

High density matrix!

Gisantism -

what creates GH hormone!

Craniamanbular -

"Lion JAW"

osteo -

Peristel new.

Pig

• Cogenital . OSTEITIS - the def:

Whats A CommoN?:

• Bacterial infection

type is made of :

Trypisin, Hemo from - L Fibrin, Thromb: mammary tummor

Whats used:

• exercise. Pneumonia - bronchial

Second :

Direct

Feature :

Anemia! Bursa in birds : : Red or B. lymphocytes. Aviburnavirus with : Gunboro.

What leads to enalgrment:

• enlargment of bursa chicken.

What is atrophy:

Marrk's.

Common Finding:

Nodular .

What leads lueikis to chicken

Avain L virus!

primary defintion?

• Overactive immune system

####### involution? - Normal age decrease .

Poison :

• Warfrain derratives

Hemo :

Viral hemoage .

####### Cattle turners

• Thymic Lymph .

######### Lymphcats?

• Aquate yphoid.

Common tumors???

• Mammaary.

####### Parasite common Trypanosoma.

######## The TH? Mauration o T!

####### What results with B&T and ? Comined immuno!!

####### Species equine

• Arab foals

cause to lymph notes:

• excessive lymph.

conditon results;

• hyalinos and amulos,

lipoma

sub man.

• ------ BLACK pigment
• Carbon dust

what has gree:

• Helin

what is the main cause o0:

• Injection.

what is obstruciton:

edema.

what type synio:

para infection.

what causes pets and echy!

• septi

what def is :

• Lyphndates.

####### bacetrals??? Strep equi.

####### what has: casious.

######## in tube ? bacteria.

####### which sub of TB causes? case

########## What about micro ?? : Giant presence?

WWhat F type does ??

• candial albicans for u! The key for all this !!!

What is primary.

lympahtmomaa.

which secndary?

• mamma.

What paraistuc?

taxoplasma

####### What tem larvae does b ?

• fassia

####### What is tonsil is:

• Inflamation

tonsits is white:

cat purll

toneillisis sinr

fibrous

toneiillis:

large poys

in tonsils

• mycobacterioum bovis is the answer..

####### in granulsotmas??? circovirus 2...

######## key heato: Presence of multinucleanted

What viral??

• Feline pan gangertnous???

Clostridiums Perfringein...

develp??

Aplsia or agensesis What has small; Tumor metastasis

Whats feature of sinile?:

Wrinkle

What is the two??

• Amylodosis

What condition leades?

hemolytic animea.

What leads 9 to black ish???

• bactersal? contaminations:.

####### Whats is ?? Hemoaiderors.

######## infaraction>>

• Aenimc. hematoas:
• trauma, voivolvias: Deep chested pigs; term inflatmation::.. Splentins. acut and bacteria what c: bcillus acntracis purulen: firin!!!! what bac:??? fusobaceterium; tuberucuolsa micro???? casesous with Onion lesion???
• Burkholderia.

Large Hemo in spleen!! Thic cassssiussu!!!!!!!! What fungal grtan: Asprgllillus LYPHN IS LYMPH

• ROUD Tumore in CK=en: Hemangoma!!!! Tumors in DOGS =
• Hemangio!!! cats ::::: MAST histo feature
• Haphazard. hytid cysrs

################ P>araiste !!! : Echincio: .protozoan: taxa!!!! WHAT CIRC DIS? thromboses!!!!! what is what is what?????

• Macrophages.
• HEMICACRDIA**"???? what outside??. Ectopa!

What defect ?????

Ventral defr .

• Phase C??* Diatsis

Hue?????

Hemo Glo

black?????

• MElina..

fluild sAC??!!

HD

what is con sequence acuret?

• Tampon

Whats in the CAvity >???

. - Hemo

HEMP ? RUPTruE

What's Penumo : Air Acutuma:::!

Fat: with gelati:!!

• Vicseral :::::: BIRD WHAT MMBRE??? Dficieny!

WHAT PASTRR.

pseudo membr?

• Fabouins ! Purulent Penretating !
• WHAT TYPe NEcrtoi:*
• Ichour

what resticys: Contristrive.

What cases Granuloams??

• presence of Caseous. SERUM

Affeects serouns;;

• Mesothelioma.

Sysmeic Leukmis ?:::

LYMpoma epithilloloisd???? The answer is T!! parsitci cysts???? Cystericurssss Tenui!!! TaneIa LArval?? ::: Cysrci pisif!!

######################3 CAlified P??? 77 CYSTERCIII"

WHAT Bacteria INJ:::

• Chuoie! THE VILOUs.
• fibrotoic! THEICHOROUS: Prentating!!!! WHAT TUBECULAR:::::::: MYCOB!

ecenntric?????

The main ch:::

THE main.2:

SE or vite defu.

Is common??:

. Lipmoatus

Main micrs?????

:ESoin

WHAT Fat ???

what c??? taurine:

####### What primar 1!

• chamers!

######## What CAusE::::

• Myccotsiys !!!

Wat tumor does :::: Hahemamiosat

Wha5s is is s is ????

The answee is Macrppjhages

what in speciy is ?????

• SINE DE WHat hemmorgic ?:: Neiospsra]

What cummun?

Agining! .