Pathology of Integument System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of cysts?

They are always larger than 1 cm.

They result from the contraction of tissues.

They are elevated and fluid-filled. (correct)

They are solid and irregularly shaped.

Which condition is an example of keratinization disorders?

Ulcer

Ichthyosis (correct)

Vesicle

Scar formation

What is primarily lost in an ulcer?

Mucous membranes

Only the epidermis

The dermis only

Epidermis and basement membrane (correct)

What typically causes a hematoma?

Blood vessel rupture beneath the skin Signup and view all the answers

What defines a wheal?

A transient area of cutaneous edema Signup and view all the answers

What typically leads to ischemic ulcers?

Dry feces contraction and blood vessel constriction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of vesicles?

They are elevated, fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm. Signup and view all the answers

What condition does not typically describe a scar?

It results from normal underlying structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary protective functions of the skin?

Provides a barrier against fluid loss Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the skin in its role related to immunity?

Inflammation and repair Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin contribute to vitamin D production?

Converts provitamin D through a process involving hydration Signup and view all the answers

What sensation does pruritus describe?

The urge to scratch due to irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in diagnosing skin diseases?

Accurate description of skin appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a function of the skin?

Regulates air pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin primarily contribute to temperature regulation?

By adjusting blood flow and sweating Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the skin?

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutis, Hair follicles Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular response is involved in the skin's barrier function?

Inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

How many layers make up the epidermis of haired skin?

4 layers Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is only found in hairless skin?

Stratum lucidum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dermal structure described as the stratum reticulare?

Supports sweat glands Signup and view all the answers

The subcutis is primarily responsible for which function?

Insulation against temperature variations Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the upper part of the dermis?

Stratum papilare Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fibers does the dermis primarily consist of?

Collagen and elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a feature of the epidermis?

Contains adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes lichenification in the skin?

Rough, thickened epidermis from persistent irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion 1-2 cm in diameter?

Nodule Signup and view all the answers

What would not be classified as a macula?

A lesion caused by insect bites Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a papula?

Superficial folliculitis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a plaque from other skin lesions?

It has a flat top surface and is > 1 cm in diameter. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is defined as an abnormal mass of tissue that exceeds normal growth?

Neoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of a nodule in the skin?

Bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesion features a surface that typically sloughs off, often described as scales?

Scale Signup and view all the answers

What is a callus characterized by?

Thick, hard, hairless plaque with increased skin creases Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a plug of stratum corneum and sebum within hair follicle lumen?

Comedo Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the formation of a crust on the skin?

There is dried exudate forming on the skin surface Signup and view all the answers

An epidermal collarette is best described as:

Flat, minimally elevating scale that enlarges peripherally Signup and view all the answers

What is an erosion in dermatology?

Loss of part of the epidermis, depressed and moist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a cyst?

Cavity lined by epithelium filled with liquid or semisolid material Signup and view all the answers

What does a pustule indicate?

Elevated accumulation of purulent fluid in the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a fissure in dermatological terms?

Narrow crack or break extending from the epidermis to the dermis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Importance of the Skin

Skin is the largest organ and essential for terrestrial mammalian life
Provides a protective barrier against fluid loss, microorganisms, chemicals, and physical injury

Morphology of the Skin

Comprises haired and hairless portions
Histologic structure varies among species and anatomical locations
Four main components:
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutis (hypodermis)
- Appendages (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands)

Epidermis Structure

Differentiates into 4 layers in haired skin and 5 in hairless skin
Layers include:
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum (only in hairless skin)
- Stratum Corneum

Dermis Composition

Divided into two regions: upper (stratum papilare) and lower (stratum reticulare)
Contains collagen and elastic fibers
Supports hair follicles, glands, blood vessels, and sensory nerves

Subcutis Function

Anchors dermis to underlying structures (muscle or bone)
Composed of adipose tissue for flexibility and insulation
Acts as a shock absorber, especially in footpads

Functions of the Skin

Participates in inflammation and repair
Contributes to both innate and adaptive immunity
Regulates temperature and blood pressure
Produces vitamin D through a hydrolysis reaction

Skin Inflammation and Sensation

Various factors can cause inflammatory skin conditions leading to pruritus (itchiness)
Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that motivates scratching

Diagnosis of Skin Diseases

Clinical appearance evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically
Specific tests like biopsies aid in histopathological assessment

Macroscopic Terminology in Dermatology

Callus: thickened, hard plaque due to trauma
Comedo: plug of keratin and sebum in a hair follicle
Crust: dried exudate on the skin surface
Pustule: elevated, purulent fluid accumulation in the epidermis
Cyst: epithelium-lined cavity with liquid or semisolid contents
Erosion: loss of part of the epidermis, often due to rupture
Excoriation: linear loss of epidermis from scratching
Fissure: linear crack from epidermis to dermis
Lichenification: thickened, roughened skin from persistent irritation
Macula: a flat change in skin color
Neoplasm: abnormal tissue growth beyond normal
Nodule: firm, elevated lesion 1-2 cm in diameter
Papule: small, elevated lesion less than 1 cm
Plaque: elevated, flat-topped lesion greater than 1 cm
Scale: fragmented, keratinized skin
Scar: fibrous tissue replacing normal skin post injury
Ulcer: loss of epidermis exposing dermis
Vesicle: fluid-filled lesion less than 1 cm
Bulla: fluid-filled lesion larger than 1 cm
Wheal: elevated, irregular area of edema
Hematoma: localized blood collection under the skin due to blood vessel damage

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Description

Explore the intricate pathology of the integument system, focusing on the morphology and function of skin. This quiz provides insights into the vital role skin plays as the largest organ in the body. Test your knowledge of skin anatomy and pathology relevant to veterinary sciences.