Veterinary Pathology: Colonization vs Infection
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between colonization and infection?

  • The presence or absence of fever
  • The type of microbe present
  • The presence or absence of microbial damage to cells or tissue (correct)
  • The duration of microbial presence

    • What is an example of colonized bacteria?

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs
  • E. coli in the urinary tract
  • Staphylococcus aureus on the skin (correct)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut

    • What is the term for the body's natural defenses against microbial invasion?

  • Immune response
  • Physical barrier
  • Host defense mechanisms
  • Protective immune responses (correct)

    • What is the source of bacteria that can cause infection in a patient?

    <p>Endogenous flora and exogenous sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an infection?

    <p>A patient with purulent drainage from an open wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of invasion of endothelial cells by Rickettsii?

    <p>Direct invasion of endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Hypersensitivity Type II?

    <p>Cytotoxic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Hypersensitivity Type III?

    <p>Formation of immune complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Hypersensitivity Type III?

    <p>Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of Hypersensitivity Type IV?

    <p>Delayed type hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disease of Hypersensitivity Type IV?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the physical barrier in the body?

    <p>To provide the first line of defense against microbial invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by an immediate anaphylactic response to an antigen?

    <p>Type I (Anaphylaxis) Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the damage caused to an organism by its own immune response?

    <p>Immunopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adaptive immune system?

    <p>To recognize and respond to specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the state of the immune system in which the ability to fight disease is entirely absent or compromised?

    <p>Immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response is mediated by IgE antibodies?

    <p>Type I (Anaphylaxis) Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the specific immune response to self-antigens?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the innate immune system?

    <p>To provide a physical barrier against microbial invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response is characterized by the destruction of tissues or cells due to the presence of IgG or IgM antibodies?

    <p>Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of tagging foreign pathogens for elimination by phagocytes?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system in autoimmune diseases?

    <p>To attack the body's own tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the loss of immunologic tolerance to self-tissues or cellular antigens?

    <p>Autoimmune disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease results in the destruction of the thyroid gland in dogs?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues?

    <p>Type III hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response involves the activation of macrophages and cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the destruction of red blood cells by the immune system?

    <p>Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the immune system's overreaction to bacteria in the intestines?

    <p>Inflammatory bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the immune system's attack on the adrenal glands?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (CIS)?

    <p>Absence of both T and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses selectively affects B lymphocytes?

    <p>Infectious bursal disease virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in Thymic hypoplasia?

    <p>Defect in T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genes is associated with a defect in T cells?

    <p>A46 lethal trait gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Bovine immunodeficiency virus on the immune system?

    <p>Replication in macrophages and CD4+ lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a congenital immunodeficiency?

    <p>Agammaglobulinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Respiratory syncytial virus on the immune system?

    <p>Inhibition of lymphoproliferative responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a defect in phagocytosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Feline immunodeficiency virus on the immune system?

    <p>Neutropenia, lymphopenia, and inhibition of T- and B-cell cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?

    <p>Suppression of the immune system due to drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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