Veterinary Parasitology I
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes parasitism?

  • A relationship where both organisms benefit equally.
  • A form of cooperation between two unrelated species.
  • A neutral interaction where both organisms are unaffected.
  • A relationship where one organism lives at the expense of another. (correct)

    • What distinguishes symbiosis from other forms of interactions?

  • It involves organisms of the same species.
  • It is always a temporary relationship.
  • It always benefits both participants.
  • It requires a physical association between different species. (correct)

    • In which type of symbiosis do both organisms depend on each other for survival?

  • Commensalism
  • Phoresis
  • Facultative symbiosis
  • Obligatory symbiosis (correct)

    • Which of the following scenarios illustrates phoresis?

    <p>Mites being carried mechanically by beetles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes symbiosis where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed?

    <p>Commensalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes facultative symbiosis?

    <p>Symbionts can generally live independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario exemplifies mutualism?

    <p>Pollinators aiding flowers while obtaining nectar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines obligatory symbiosis specifically?

    <p>At least one organism is reliant for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives?

    <p>Accidental parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of host is where a parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces?

    <p>Definitive host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an intermediate host?

    <p>It is where the parasite undergoes asexual replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transport or paratenic host's role in relation to a parasite?

    <p>It remains infective to the definitive host without developmental changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an erratic parasite?

    <p>Heartworm in the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which host type functions as a source of infection but does not show ill effects from the pathogen?

    <p>Reservoir host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical role of a mosquito in the life cycle of Dirofilaria immitis?

    <p>Intermediate host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly defines an accidental parasite?

    <p>A parasite that typically finds its way into the wrong host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do parasites primarily utilize to enter a host through the nostrils?

    <p>Larval deposition by flies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is transmitted specifically during coitus in horses?

    <p>Trypanosoma equiperdum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lice and mange typically transmitted among animals?

    <p>By direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mechanism for parasite entry that occurs through polluted water?

    <p>Intranasal route via amoebae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the number of macroparasites in a host?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of the interaction between blood-sucking insects and parasites?

    <p>Introduction of infective stages into a host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is known to cause abortion in cattle?

    <p>Tritrichomonas foetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transmission occurs when cats acquire parasites by preying on rats?

    <p>Predation transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is NOT a method for parasite entry into the host as described?

    <p>Entry through skin abrasions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the term 'parasite' and its evolution in meaning?

    <p>It was derived from a Greek term referring to men who tasted food for poison at a king's table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines what a parasite does?

    <p>Parasites sustain themselves using resources from other living entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification level is considered the basic replicating entity in the animal kingdom?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional taxonomic groupings are mentioned as being useful in certain contexts?

    <p>Subclass and Superfamily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following combinations accurately identifies a protozoan parasite responsible for Redwater fever?

    <p>Babesia divergens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nomenclature for organisms?

    <p>To define every organism uniquely using genus and species names.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding authors’ perspectives on parasites?

    <p>Some authors consider viruses and fungi as parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the negative connotation associated with the word 'parasite'?

    <p>They obtain sustenance without laboring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of transplacental transmission?

    <p>Through the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements most accurately describes transmammary transmission?

    <p>It is the transmission of parasites through colostrum or milk to offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way through which most parasites exit their hosts?

    <p>Through the feces as eggs, cysts, or oocysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is known to exit hosts through urine?

    <p>Schistosoma haematobium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of transmission for malarial parasites as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Swallowed by arthropods while feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hosts do cyst-forming coccidia infect after leaving their previous host?

    <p>Predatory animals that consume the infected prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is transmitted through genital discharges?

    <p>Tritrichomonas foetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parasite primarily exits through feces as oocysts?

    <p>Coccidia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about macroparasites is accurate?

    <p>Their population size in the final host generally does not increase significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of obligate parasites?

    <p>They rely completely on the host at various life cycle stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example correctly represents a facultative parasite?

    <p>Fungi that can live independently or on a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is false about the reproduction of macroparasites?

    <p>Their reproduction leads to an increase in host population size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parasite can adapt to both parasitic and non-parasitic lifestyles?

    <p>Facultative parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true regarding the dispersal of macroparasites' reproductive units?

    <p>They are usually released into the environment by the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly identifies the behavior of facultative parasites?

    <p>They can thrive solely as free-living organisms without hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is an obligate parasite?

    <p>Ear mites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Veterinary Parasitology I

    • Course date: 05/11/2022
    • Course instructor: Dr. Walid Darwiche
    • Course location: Lebanese University
    • Course: Veterinary Parasitology I
    • Parasitology 1 (course name)

    Definitions

    • Parasites, parasitism, and parasitic diseases are defined.

    What is Veterinary Parasitology?

    • Veterinary parasitology is the study of parasitic organisms and their diseases in animals.
    • Animal diseases can have non-infectious or infectious origins.
      • Non-infectious diseases: genetic defects, physiological abnormalities, structural dysfunction, external factors (injury, radiation, or poisoning).
      • Infectious diseases: associated with invasive, self-replicating agents that have evolved to occupy an animal's body.

    Studies in Infectious Diseases

    • Microbiology: Viruses, bacteria, fungi.
    • Parasitology: protozoa, trematodes (flukes), cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (roundworms), and minor groups.
    • Medical/Veterinary protozoology: single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
    • Helminthology: trematodes, cestodes, nematodes.
    • Medical/Veterinary entomology: parasitic arthropods (insects, ticks, mites).

    Parasites in Practice

    • Effort and time veterinary practices spend on parasite issues.
    • Parasites often diagnosed.
    • Parasites veterinary practices often attempt to manage.

    Host-Parasite Relationships

    • Parasitism is part of a spectrum of intimate zoological relationships.
      • Mutualism: both partners benefit (obligatory in many cases).
        • Example: alligator and a bird.
      • Commensalism: one partner benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped. Example: remora and a zebra shark.
      • Parasitism: one participant harms the other. Example: a tick on a dog.

    Classification

    • Animal kingdom is divided into 35 phyla.
    • Classified further into class, order, family, genus, and species. Subclass, suborder, and superfamily can also be important.

    Nomenclature

    • Defining every organism using a combination of its genus and species name.
    • Example: Babesia divergens, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina.
    • Using the suffix "-osis" is common in parasitology for naming the disease caused by a parasite.

    Differences in Parasite Localization

    • Parasites can be broadly categorized by their location.
      • Ectoparasites: live on the surface or within a host's superficial tissues, or adjacent underlying tissues.
      • Endoparasites: live inside a host and can be found in any tissue of the body, except, bones and keratin.

    Relationship of the Parasite to the Tissue

    • Extracellular parasites: live on or within the host's tissues but don't penetrate host cells.
    • Intracellular parasites: live inside a host cell; affecting gene expression.

    Concept of Micro and Macro Parasites

    • Microparasites: multiply within the host, increasing the potential for a large infection. Usually include bacteria and protozoa.
    • Macroparasites: do not increase in number in the host. They produce eggs/larvae that are disseminated into the environment. Host only accommodates their development.

    Parasite Modes of Transmission

    • Hosts are infected through ingestion or skin penetration.
    • Some are transmitted by contact or predation.
    • Others are spread through nostrils, external genitalia, or transplacental/transmammary routes.

    Different Modes of Parasitism

    • Obligate Parasite-completely dependent during its entire life cycle, such as lice, ear mites.
    • Facultative Parasite - the organism has both parasitic and nonparasitic modes of life and doesn't strictly depend.
    • Accidental Parasite- attacks an unnatural host successfully, such as heartworms in humans.
    • Erratic Parasite- wanders into an organ not usually found, such as a heartworm in an eye.

    Host

    • Final (Definitive) Host: The host where the parasite reaches maturity and reproduces sexually.
    • Intermediate Host: The host where the parasite develops asexually.
    • Reservoir Host: A host that harbors the parasite without showing symptoms of disease and can be a source of infection.
    • Vector: An organism that transmits the parasite from one host to another, often by an insect.

    Parasitic Diseases

    • Parasitic disease or parasitosis is an impairment of health.
    • Understanding the etiology, pathogenesis (the mechanisms causing the disease), and symptoms is important.

    Epidemiological Terms

    • Epidemiology: study of disease in populations
    • Endemic: disease occurring regularly in a certain area.
    • Sporadic: a disease occurring infrequently in a certain area.
    • Epidemic: high occurrence of a disease in a certain area or place.
    • Pandemic: a global outbreak of disease.

    Terminology Used In Parasitic Diseases

    • Incubation Period: the time between parasite entry and symptoms appearing.
    • Prepatent period: time between infection and first detection of eggs/larvae in the host.

    Methods of Dispersal of Parasites

    • Parasites can be dispersed mechanically by water and other means such as fomites.
    • Humans may also help spread some parasites, such as by creating irrigation canals to support their intermediate hosts.

    Parasite-Induced Host Behavioral Changes

    • Parasites can induce behavioral changes in their host, such as making some hosts more susceptible to predation.

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    Veterinary Parasitology I PDF Past Paper 2022

    Description

    Explore the foundations of Veterinary Parasitology in this insightful quiz. Learn about the definitions of parasites, types of parasitic diseases, and the significance of microbiology and parasitology in veterinary science. Gain an understanding of both infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting animals.

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