Parasites Causing Respiratory Signs in Dogs

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What is the medical term for rapid and shallow breathing?

Lethargy
Dyspnoea (correct)
Tachycardia
Syncope

Which condition is characterized by the narrowing of the pulmonary valve?

Pericardial effusion
Tachypnoea
Pulmonic stenosis (correct)
Pulmonary hypertension

What is the term for a heart rhythm disorder with heartbeats faster than usual, greater than 100 beats per minute?

Anaplasmosis
Ehrlichiosis
Tachycardia (correct)
Angiostrongylus

What is the medical term for the build-up of extra fluid in the space around the heart?

Pericardial effusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which parasitic nematode can cause severe gastrointestinal or central nervous system disease in humans?

Angiostrongylus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of lethargy in medical terms?

A pathological state of sleepiness or deep unresponsiveness and inactivity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a tick-borne disease that causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and headache?

Ehrlichiosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'prophylaxis' mean in medical context?

Treatment given or action taken to prevent disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an intermediate host in which a parasite undergoes no development or reproduction?

Paratenic host (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite produces cysts in the lungs of dogs?

Paragonimus kellicotti (B) Signup and view all the answers

For diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum (lung worm), which samples are used to detect the larvae present in infected dogs?

Fecal samples (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to identify positive samples of Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) in clinical practice?

Modified Knott test (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographical distribution of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp)?

Widespread across Asia and South America (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Sensitivity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

The presence of a disease or illness (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Specificity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

The absence of a disease or illness (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which screening test for heartworm has nearly 100% specificity?

'Heartworm antigen test' (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate?

The certificate contains no deletions or alterations, other than those which are indicated to be permissible, and subject to such changes being initialled and stamped by the certifying veterinarian (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should certificates not use, according to the text?

Words or phrases which are capable of more than one interpretation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of veterinary surgeons regarding social media based on the RCVS Code of Conduct?

To behave professionally while online and adhere to the same standards as in the real world (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does GDPR stand for?

General Data Protection Regulations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for?

Protecting both clients' and employees' personal data (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential penalties for breaking GDPR law?

Maximum fine of £500,000 or 4% of the companies’ annual turnover (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of EMS students regarding personal information as per the text?

To safeguard personal information and not share any unless permission is granted (D) Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if a veterinarian engages in misleading, incomplete, inaccurate, or untrue certification?

It reflects adversely on their professional integrity and may lead to complaints and cases before the RCVS Disciplinary Committee (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ventricular myocardial cells?

Carry out the mechanical work of the ventricles (D) Signup and view all the answers

In an ECG, what does the PR interval represent?

Time for electrical impulse to conduct from sinoatrial node to AV node (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia on an ECG?

Abnormal duration, voltage, and length of intervals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the heart?

Set the heart rate by its rate of depolarization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative T wave in an ECG indicate?

Congenital heart disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between nematodes and cestodes?

Nematodes are roundworms while cestodes are tapeworms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an animal to be viviparous?

It gives birth to young that develop within special organs within the parent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a paratenic host?

An organism that allows for transport or development of a parasite without further development (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of an Official Veterinarian (OV)?

Improving animal health and welfare, disease surveillance, and facilitating international trade of live animals and products of animal origin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where can one find information about the export of pets?

UK Government Website (B) Signup and view all the answers

What tests are frequently used to assess bleeding risk before an operation or an invasive procedure?

Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common causes of primary haemostatic disorders related to platelet function in dogs and cats?

Thrombocytopenia and von Willebrand's Disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of false certification according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The veterinarian may be held accountable for non-compliance with the law of another country (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinarian certify according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

Matters that can be ascertained by an authorised veterinarian who has personal knowledge (C) Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions should a veterinarian issue a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

If there are clear provisions on compliance with the law of another country or jurisdiction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the responsibilities of an Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)?

Issuing Export Health Certificates (EHCs) and dealing with animal health issues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The certificate contains no deletions or alterations, other than those which are indicated on the certificate to be permissible, and subject to such changes being initialled and stamped by the certifying veterinarian (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

GDPR holds employers responsible for protecting clients and employee’s personal data. It is important for veterinary practices as it safeguards client’s information and has a maximum fine of £500,000 or 4% of the companies’ annual turnover (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the RCVS Code of Conduct, what are the responsibilities of veterinary surgeons regarding social media?

Veterinary surgeons have a responsibility to behave professionally while online, with standards equivalent to those in the real world (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'certificates should be integrated, whole and indivisible' mean according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The certificates should be clear yet cannot be separated into parts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of false certification according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

False certification may impact the general reputation of the veterinary profession and expose the veterinarian to complaints (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for with regards to personal data protection?

GDPR holds employers responsible for protecting clients and employee’s personal data (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the responsibilities of EMS students regarding personal information as per the provided context?

EMS students should not share any personal information regarding any personnel met during their placement unless permission is granted (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The certificate contains no deletions or alterations not indicated on the certificate to be permissible (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for?

Protecting clients' and employees' personal data (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

GDPR holds employers responsible for protecting clients' and employees' personal data, with implications for safeguarding client information in veterinary practices (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should certificates not use, according to the text?

Words or phrases which are capable of more than one interpretation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential penalties for breaking GDPR law?

A maximum fine of £500,000 or 4% of the companies' annual turnover (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinarian certify according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The unique identifier of certificates issued (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an animal to be viviparous?

It means the animal gives birth to live offspring (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Sensitivity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

Identify all true positive cases (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Specificity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

'Specificity' refers to identifying all true negative cases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ventricular myocardial cells?

Contracting to pump blood from the heart to the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for the narrowing of the pulmonary valve?

Pulmonic stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a heart rhythm disorder with heartbeats faster than usual, greater than 100 beats per minute?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an intermediate host in which a parasite undergoes no development or reproduction?

Paratenic host Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for rapid and shallow breathing?

Tachypnoea Signup and view all the answers

Which parasitic nematode can cause severe gastrointestinal or central nervous system disease in humans?

Angiostrongylus Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographical distribution of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp)?

Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) is found in Europe and Asia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the heart?

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is responsible for initiating the heartbeat and setting the pace for the heart's rhythm. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulation, and it holds veterinary practices and EMS students responsible for protecting personal data and ensuring compliance with data privacy laws. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the anatomical landmarks for attachment of ECG leads in horses and small animals.

Small Animals: Red - right forelimb, Yellow - left forelimb, Green - left hindlimb, Black - right hindlimb. Horses: Negative right arm (white) electrode at the right jugular furrow, Positive left electrode (red) at the left hemithorax apical impulse, Ground electrode (black) in an unobtrusive place. Signup and view all the answers

Define the terms Lead I, II, and III in the context of ECG.

Lead I: Voltage in the left forelimb compared with the right forelimb. Lead II: Voltage measured in the left hind limb compared with the right forelimb. Lead III: Voltage in the left hind limb compared with the left forelimb. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of ventricular myocardial cells during the action potential.

Ventricular myocardial cells carry out the mechanical work of the ventricles. Phase 0 involves Na+ ions flux in from neighboring cells into the next cardiac myocyte, causing rapid depolarization. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the function of the sinoatrial node during the action potential.

The function of the sinoatrial node is the primary pacemaker, setting the heart rate by the rate of depolarization. Phase 0 involves depolarization with slower Ca2+ influx into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between a normal ECG and an abnormal ECG trace.

A normal ECG correlates with mechanical events in the heart, showing atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization. An abnormal ECG trace may indicate irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and exhibit changes in duration, voltage, and interval lengths. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the differences between nematodes and cestodes.

Nematodes are roundworms with separate male and female sexes, while cestodes are tapeworms inhabiting the intestines of carnivorous mammals. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'viviparous' in the context of animal reproduction.

Viviparous animals give birth to young that develop within special organs within the parent, gaining nutrition from the mother in a process called matrotrophy. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'paratenic host' in parasitology.

A paratenic host is an intermediate host in which a parasite undergoes no development or reproduction, serving as a temporary carrier for the parasite. Signup and view all the answers

What are the geographical areas where Paragonimus kellicotti occurs?

Paragonimus kellicotti occurs in the lungs of dogs and is found in certain geographical areas. Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to detect the presence of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) in dogs?

The presence of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) in dogs can be detected using a Knott's test for microfilariae in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the indirect lifecycle of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) and the method of transport through intermediate hosts.

Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) has an indirect lifecycle and utilizes insects like Phortica variegata as intermediate hosts for transport. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the modified Knott's test in diagnosing Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm)?

The modified Knott's test is used to detect microfilariae in the blood, allowing identification of early life cycle stages of parasitic nematodes such as Dirofilaria immitis. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the lifecycle of Ancylostoma caninum and explain the method of transport through intermediate hosts.

Ancylostoma caninum has a direct lifecycle and utilizes soil as a medium for transport through ingestion or skin penetration. Signup and view all the answers

What samples should be taken for diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum (lungworm) and which test is used?

For diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum, faecal samples are used to detect the larvae, and the Baermann technique is commonly employed. Signup and view all the answers

List the drugs used for prevention of Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs.

The drugs used for prevention of Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs include macrolide prophylaxis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the definitive hosts for Paragonimus kellicotti and in which geographical areas is it found?

Paragonimus kellicotti utilizes dogs as its definitive hosts and is found in North America, particularly in the Mississippi and Ohio River basins. Signup and view all the answers

What are the responsibilities of an Official Veterinarian (OV)?

The responsibilities of an Official Veterinarian (OV) include improving animal health, safeguarding animal welfare, disease surveillance, prevention and control of food-borne zoonoses, provision and assurance of the safety of foods and products of animal origin, and facilitating international trade of live animals and products of animal origin. Signup and view all the answers

Where can one find information about the export of pets?

Information about the export of pets can be found on the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) website, the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) website, the UK Government Website, and by consulting with local veterinary authorities or a veterinarian. Signup and view all the answers

What tests are frequently used to assess bleeding risk before an operation or an invasive procedure?

The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests are frequently used to assess bleeding risk before an operation or an invasive procedure. Signup and view all the answers

List the most common causes of primary haemostatic disorders related to platelet function in dogs and cats.

The most common causes of primary haemostatic disorders related to platelet function in dogs and cats are thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathia, and Von Willebrand’s Disease. Signup and view all the answers

List the most common causes of secondary haemostatic disorders related to coagulation factors in dogs and cats.

The most common causes of secondary haemostatic disorders related to coagulation factors in dogs and cats are rodenticide poisoning, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, and hemophilia (Factor VIII or Factor IX deficiency). Signup and view all the answers

What are the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The RCVS 10 principles of certification provide the foundation of certification for all those who draft or prepare, use or sign veterinary certificates, representing best practice in veterinary certification. They cover matters of knowledge, conflict of interest, language, compliance with foreign laws, original certificates, and more. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the implications of false certification according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification.

False certification goes against the principles of best practice in veterinary certification and can lead to legal and ethical consequences. It can result in loss of trust, legal action, and damage to the reputation of the certifying veterinarian. Signup and view all the answers

State the tests that can be performed to assess haemostasis and outline how to perform them.

The tests to assess haemostasis are the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tests. These tests involve taking blood through a needle and sending it to a laboratory for analysis. Signup and view all the answers

According to the RCVS 10 principles of certification, what should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate?

The certificate contains no deletions or alterations, no section is left incomplete, includes their signature, name, qualifications, address, date of signing, and a unique identifier. Signup and view all the answers

What responsibilities do veterinary surgeons have regarding social media based on the RCVS Code of Conduct?

Veterinary surgeons have a responsibility to behave professionally online, even in private forums, and to not share client information. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulations 2018. It holds employers responsible for protecting clients and employees' personal data, and has serious fines for data breaches. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the potential consequences of engaging in misleading, incomplete, inaccurate, or untrue certification as a veterinarian.

Misleading certification reflects adversely on the veterinarian's professional integrity, may lead to complaints, and can impact the reputation of the veterinary profession. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'certificates should be clear and concise' mean according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

Certificates should be written in simple terms that are easy to understand. Signup and view all the answers

What are the responsibilities of EMS students regarding personal information as per the provided context?

EMS students should not share any personal information regarding personnel met during their placement, unless permission is granted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) in relation to GDPR?

The ICO is responsible for setting fines for GDPR breaches and upholding the public's information rights. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of certificates according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

Certificates should be clear, concise, integrated, whole, indivisible, have a unique identifier, and be copied and retained with relevant records. Signup and view all the answers

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

The certificate contains no deletions or alterations, no section is left incomplete, includes their signature, name, qualifications, address, date of signing, and is clear and easy to understand. Signup and view all the answers

What are the veterinary surgeon’s responsibilities regarding social media based on the RCVS Code of Conduct?

Veterinary surgeons have a responsibility to behave professionally online, even in private forums, and to protect client information by not sharing it online. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

GDPR stands for General Data Protection Regulations 2018, which holds employers responsible for protecting clients and employees' personal data. It has implications for safeguarding client information in veterinary practices and requires EMS students to avoid sharing personal information without permission. Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if a veterinarian engages in misleading, incomplete, inaccurate, or untrue certification?

Engaging in such certification reflects adversely on the veterinarian's professional integrity, impacts the reputation of the veterinary profession, and may lead to complaints and disciplinary action. Signup and view all the answers

What should certificates not use, according to the text?

Certificates should not use words or phrases capable of more than one interpretation. Signup and view all the answers

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for?

GDPR holds employers responsible for protecting clients and employees' personal data, including ID, bank details, addresses, etc. Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographical distribution of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp)?

The geographical distribution of Thelazia callipaeda includes various European countries and parts of Asia and Africa. Signup and view all the answers

What are the responsibilities of EMS students regarding personal information as per the provided context?

EMS students should not share any personal information regarding clients and staff met during their placement unless permission is granted. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential penalties for breaking GDPR law?

The potential penalties for breaking GDPR law include a maximum fine of £500,000 or 4% of the company's annual turnover. Signup and view all the answers

What should certificates be according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

Certificates should be clear and concise, integrated, whole and indivisible, given a unique identifier, and copied and retained with all relevant records. Signup and view all the answers

Parasites Causing Respiratory Signs in Dogs

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Questions and Answers

What is the medical term for rapid and shallow breathing?

Which condition is characterized by the narrowing of the pulmonary valve?

What is the term for a heart rhythm disorder with heartbeats faster than usual, greater than 100 beats per minute?

What is the medical term for the build-up of extra fluid in the space around the heart?

Which parasitic nematode can cause severe gastrointestinal or central nervous system disease in humans?

What is the definition of lethargy in medical terms?

Which term refers to a tick-borne disease that causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and headache?

What does the term 'prophylaxis' mean in medical context?

What is the term for an intermediate host in which a parasite undergoes no development or reproduction?

Which parasite produces cysts in the lungs of dogs?

For diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum (lung worm), which samples are used to detect the larvae present in infected dogs?

Which diagnostic test is used to identify positive samples of Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) in clinical practice?

What is the geographical distribution of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp)?

'Sensitivity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

'Specificity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

Which screening test for heartworm has nearly 100% specificity?

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate?

What should certificates not use, according to the text?

What is the responsibility of veterinary surgeons regarding social media based on the RCVS Code of Conduct?

What does GDPR stand for?

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for?

What are the potential penalties for breaking GDPR law?

What is the responsibility of EMS students regarding personal information as per the text?

What may happen if a veterinarian engages in misleading, incomplete, inaccurate, or untrue certification?

What is the function of ventricular myocardial cells?

In an ECG, what does the PR interval represent?

What characterizes an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia on an ECG?

What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the heart?

What does a negative T wave in an ECG indicate?

What is the main difference between nematodes and cestodes?

What does it mean for an animal to be viviparous?

What is a paratenic host?

What is the responsibility of an Official Veterinarian (OV)?

Where can one find information about the export of pets?

What tests are frequently used to assess bleeding risk before an operation or an invasive procedure?

What are the most common causes of primary haemostatic disorders related to platelet function in dogs and cats?

What is the implication of false certification according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What should a veterinarian certify according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

Under what conditions should a veterinarian issue a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What are the responsibilities of an Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)?

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

According to the RCVS Code of Conduct, what are the responsibilities of veterinary surgeons regarding social media?

What does 'certificates should be integrated, whole and indivisible' mean according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What is the implication of false certification according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for with regards to personal data protection?

What are the responsibilities of EMS students regarding personal information as per the provided context?

What should a veterinarian ensure when signing a certificate according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What does GDPR hold employers responsible for?

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

What should certificates not use, according to the text?

What are the potential penalties for breaking GDPR law?

What should a veterinarian certify according to the RCVS 10 principles of certification?

What does it mean for an animal to be viviparous?

'Sensitivity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

'Specificity' of diagnostic tests refers to the test's ability to identify what correctly?

What is the function of ventricular myocardial cells?

What is the medical term for the narrowing of the pulmonary valve?

What is the term for a heart rhythm disorder with heartbeats faster than usual, greater than 100 beats per minute?

What is the term for an intermediate host in which a parasite undergoes no development or reproduction?

What is the medical term for rapid and shallow breathing?

Which parasitic nematode can cause severe gastrointestinal or central nervous system disease in humans?

What is the geographical distribution of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp)?

What is the function of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the heart?

What is meant by GDPR and what are the implications for veterinary practices and students undertaking EMS?

Explain the anatomical landmarks for attachment of ECG leads in horses and small animals.

Define the terms Lead I, II, and III in the context of ECG.

Describe the function of ventricular myocardial cells during the action potential.

Explain the function of the sinoatrial node during the action potential.

Differentiate between a normal ECG and an abnormal ECG trace.

Explain the differences between nematodes and cestodes.

Define the term 'viviparous' in the context of animal reproduction.

Define the term 'paratenic host' in parasitology.

What are the geographical areas where Paragonimus kellicotti occurs?

Which diagnostic test is used to detect the presence of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) in dogs?

Explain the indirect lifecycle of Thelazia callipaeda (Thalazia spp) and the method of transport through intermediate hosts.