Endoscopy of the Guttural Pouch and Equine Head
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Questions and Answers

Which sedative is commonly used for endoscopy of the guttural pouch and equine head?

  • Dexmedetomidine
  • Butorphanol
  • Romifidine
  • Xylazine (correct)

    • What is the purpose of using a nose twitch during the procedure?

  • To restrain the horse (correct)
  • To induce relaxation of the muscles
  • To pass the endoscope
  • To drive the endoscope

    • Which of the following structures should be avoided to prevent bleeding during the procedure?

  • Nasal passages
  • Ethmoid turbinates (correct)
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx

    • What is the purpose of introducing the endoscope ventromedially into the ventral meatus?

    <p>To reduce resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entrance to the esophagus in relation to the epiglottis?

    <p>Dorsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the access point for the procedure?

    <p>Ventral meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure cools the blood going to the brain in horses?

    <p>Internal carotid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the guttural pouch in horses?

    <p>To store mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the contraction of the muscle above the larynx in horses?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in horses?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses?

    <p>Pulling the larynx further up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of gurgling or vibrating noise in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate?

    <p>Neurological dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure can be used to stiffen the soft palate?

    <p>Cauterizing the soft palate with a hot iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when there is pus in the guttural pouch?

    <p>Empyema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of strangles?

    <p>Streptococus equi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for strangles?

    <p>Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sampling for culture and PCR in the case of swollen lymph nodes?

    <p>To identify the causative agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for swollen lymph nodes if it is not strangles?

    <p>Flushing it out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do horses with strangles not need antibiotics?

    <p>Horses can recover without antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a fabric around the base of the tongue?

    <p>To treat tongue tie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two surgical options for treating a soft palate issue in horses?

    <p>Pulling the soft palate down and tightening it or cauterizing the soft palate with a hot iron or laser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for strangles in horses?

    <p>Isolating the horse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when there is pus in the guttural pouch?

    <p>Empyema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do horses with strangles require antibiotics?

    <p>No.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the guttural pouch in horses?

    <p>The guttural pouch cools the blood going to the brain in horses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes gurgling or vibrating noise in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate?

    <p>The soft palate catching the edge of the soft palate leads to airflow resistance and flapping around, causing gurgling or vibrating noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses?

    <p>One surgical option is to pull the larynx further up and tie it forward, forcing the epiglottis to sit over the soft palate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some chemical and physical methods of restraint for endoscopy of the guttural pouch and equine head?

    <p>Chemical methods of restraint include sedation with alpha-2 agonists such as detomidine, xylazine, and romifidine, as well as the use of butorphanol. Physical methods of restraint include the use of a nose twitch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential risks of using sedation during the procedure?

    <p>Sedation with xylazine or detomidine can cause relaxation of the muscles around the larynx and pharynx, leading to false positives in the assessment of the horse's condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the endoscope be introduced into the ventral meatus?

    <p>The endoscope should be introduced ventromedially into the ventral meatus, with a right angle for accessing the guttural pouch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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