Veterinary Microbiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for preventive treatment against leptospirosis?

  • Polymyxin B
  • Neomycin
  • Streptomycin (correct)
  • Gentamicin

What is a recommended way to reduce the risk of leptospirosis infection?

  • Encourage interaction with wildlife
  • Frequent water sources in open fields
  • Increase access to stagnant water
  • Limit access to rodents and wild fauna (correct)

How is the vaccination for leptospirosis administered?

  • One injection every month
  • Five injections at regular intervals
  • Two injections four weeks apart plus annual booster (correct)
  • Three injections in one week

Which strain of Brucella is associated with brucellosis abortions in cattle?

<p>Brucella abortus biovar 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vaccination Bovilis Leptavoid -H protect against?

<p>Urine shedding post exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of microaerophiles?

<p>They are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anaerobes use fermentation to make ATP?

<p>Aerotolerant anaerobes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait of Obligate anaerobes regarding catalase?

<p>Catalase negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial family is known for being oxidase positive?

<p>Pseudomonadaceae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes subclinical mastitis?

<p>Increased somatic cell count (SCC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation is associated with moderate clinical mastitis?

<p>Mammary gland redness and swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one cause of environmental mastitis?

<p>Bacterial infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is known to produce indole?

<p>Escherichia coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of coliform mastitis in older cows?

<p>Usually low contagion between milkings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical sign of acute mastitis?

<p>Yellow watery milk with flakes and clots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes chronic mastitis?

<p>Characterized by periodic acute flare-ups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential lesion associated with bovine coliform mastitis?

<p>Marked edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first dose timing for administering ENVIRACOR J-5 to cows?

<p>7 months of gestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium is known for causing contagious mastitis in cattle?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What systemic effect is commonly associated with acute mastitis?

<p>Anorexia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of peracute mastitis?

<p>Leads to endotoxemic shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral agent is NOT associated with porcine respiratory disease complex?

<p>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common bacterial agent found in both porcine and bovine respiratory disease complexes?

<p>Mannhemia haemolytica (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is identified by a Coggins test?

<p>Equine infectious anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT a poultry systemic disease?

<p>Chronic respiratory disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is a part of immunosuppressive poultry diseases?

<p>Chicken infectious anemia virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agent is Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

<p>Bacterial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral agent is involved in Bovine respiratory disease complex?

<p>Bovine herpesvirus 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of equine vasculitis?

<p>Thrombocytopenic purpura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

<p>It typically results in chronic infection with fibrosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates severe mastitis requiring potential mastectomy?

<p>Cold and blue/black discoloration of the udder. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is used for moderate cases of mastitis?

<p>Intramammary antibiotics and NSAIDs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign observed in the macro lesions of mastitis?

<p>Variable discoloration and swelling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended SCC limit for mastitis in Swiss regulations?

<p>350,000 cells/mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary pathological feature in the micro lesions of mastitis?

<p>Neutrophil infiltration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT appropriate for mild cases of mastitis?

<p>Systemic antibiotics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific condition does Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis commonly affect?

<p>Old cattle during early lactation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates inflammation surrounding the affected udder tissue?

<p>Signs of redness and swelling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is specifically mentioned for pyrexia and endotoxemia in moderate cases?

<p>NSAIDs like flunixin meglumine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections does Streptococcus agalactiae primarily cause?

<p>Mastitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not associated with Tetracyclines?

<p>Cell wall synthesis inhibition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is Exudative epidermitis in pigs also known as?

<p>Greasy pig disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic class targets the 30s ribosomal subunit?

<p>Tetracyclines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Aminoglycosides?

<p>Bactericidal effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Avian colibacillosis is associated with which animal?

<p>Chickens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calf diphtheria primarily affects which organ system?

<p>Digestive system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is primarily responsible for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

<p>Moraxella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is classified as a beta-lactam?

<p>Penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment class for bovine foot rot?

<p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of necrotic hepatitis in cattle?

<p>Liver abscesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strangles in horses is primarily caused by which bacterium?

<p>Streptococcus equi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an immune-mediated complication of Strangles?

<p>Purpura Hemorrhagica (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of fluoroquinolones?

<p>Inhibition of DNA synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microaerophiles

Bacteria requiring oxygen for growth but are poisoned by high oxygen levels. They cannot ferment or respire anaerobically.

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

Bacteria that do not need oxygen and utilize fermentation to produce energy. They are not harmed by oxygen.

Catalase

An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of oxygen metabolism.

Oxidase

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to oxygen.

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

A colorless gas often produced by bacteria during the breakdown of sulfur-containing compounds.

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Indole

A by-product of tryptophan breakdown in bacteria, detectable through laboratory tests.

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Mastitis

Inflammation of the mammary gland (udder), often caused by bacterial infections.

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Subclinical mastitis

A type of mastitis that doesn't show obvious outward signs but affects milk quality and production.

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Bovine Coliform Mastitis

A type of mastitis caused by bacteria in the Escherichia coli family. It is more common in first-lactation cows and older cows. It is usually not spread between cows during milking.

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Peracute Mastitis

This happens when the udder becomes inflamed and swollen very quickly, often causing the cow to go into shock. It is the most severe form of coliform mastitis.

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Acute Mastitis (First Stage)

This happens within the first 14 hours after infection and is characterized by visible symptoms like anorexia, fever, and an absence of visible milk changes. It is caused by the endotoxin released by the bacteria.

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Acute Mastitis (Second Stage)

This occurs after the initial 14 hours of infection and involves more visible symptoms like swollen udders, recumbency, and watery milk with clots.

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Chronic Mastitis

This is a prolonged form of mastitis with recurring acute episodes. It can be caused by chronic infections leading to permanent damage in the udder.

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Mycoplasma Mastitis

This is caused by the bacterial species Mycoplasma. Unlike coliform mastitis, it is not spread through the milking system.

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Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis

Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, this can cause contagious mastitis in cattle and gangrenous mastitis in sheep. It is highly contagious and can lead to severe complications.

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Prophylactic ENVIRACOR J-5

A prophylactic solution, ENVIRACOR J-5, aimed at preventing coliform mastitis in cows. It requires three doses: one during gestation and two after birth.

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Coli Diarrhea

A bacterial infection causing diarrhea in animals, often seen in calves and piglets. It is caused by Escherichia coli and can lead to dehydration and death.

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Edema Disease

A disease mainly affecting piglets caused by Escherichia coli. Characterized by swelling in the intestines, often leading to constipation.

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Avian Colibacillosis & Hjarre's Disease

A respiratory disease in birds caused by Escherichia coli. It can affect various avian species and is often fatal in young birds.

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Necrobacillosis

A bacterial infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. This bacterium can lead to various diseases in livestock, including foot rot, liver abscesses, and calf diphtheria.

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Calf Diphtheria

An infection of the throat in calves caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. It can cause ulcerations, difficulty breathing, and can be fatal if untreated.

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Bovine Foot Rot

A bacterial infection affecting the hooves of cattle, caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus. It leads to lameness, pain, and can cause significant economic losses.

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Necrotic Hepatitis of Cattle & Sheep (Liver Abscesses)

A severe infection affecting the liver of cattle and sheep, caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. It causes abscesses and can lead to weight loss, reduced milk production, and death.

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Hepatic Necrobacillosis In Sheep

A specific form of necrobacillosis affecting the liver of sheep, caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. It is characterized by abscesses and can lead to liver failure.

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Ovine Foot Rot

A bacterial infection caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, commonly affecting the hooves of sheep. It leads to lameness, inflammation, and lesions on the hooves.

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Staphylococcus Infections

A group of bacteria widely known for causing infections in various species, including staphylococcal mastitis in cattle and gangrenous mastitis in sheep.

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Cattle Contagious Mastitis

An infection of the mammary glands in cattle caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It leads to inflammation, pus formation, and can severely impact milk production.

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Gangrenous Mastitis In Sheep

A severe form of mastitis in sheep, caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It leads to inflammation, gangrene, and often requires immediate treatment to prevent death.

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Exudative Epidermitis in Pigs (Greasy Pig Disease)

A skin infection in pigs, caused by Staphylococcus hyicus. It leads to greasy skin, crusting, and can cause significant economic losses in pig production.

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Moraxella Infections

A genus of bacteria known for causing various infections in animals, including infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in cattle (Pinkeye).

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Reduced Sensitivity Antibiotics

A group of antibiotics that reduce sensitivity to the drug in bacteria. They are typically used as topical agents.

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Leptospirosis

A bacterial disease that affects cattle, causing abortions, milk drop, and shedding of urine.

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Streptomycin

A type of antibiotic used preventively for Leptospirosis in cattle. It is given in two injections, 10-14 days apart.

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Leptospirosis Vaccination

A type of Leptospirosis vaccine for cattle that is given in two injections, 4 weeks apart, followed by an annual booster.

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Brucellosis

A bacterial disease affecting cattle primarily, causing abortions usually in the later stages of pregnancy. The most common type of Brucella is Brucella abortus.

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Aureus Mastitis

Aureus infection in the mammary gland (udder), often characterized by difficulty in treatment, chronic progression, and fibrosis and sclerosis of the udder.

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Somatic Cell Count (SCC)

A measure of the number of somatic cells (primarily white blood cells) present in milk, indicating inflammation and infection.

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Macroscopic Lesions of Mastitis

The visible signs of inflammation in the udder, such as discolouration, swelling, coldness, pain, and odorous serosanguineous exudation.

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Microscopic Lesions of Mastitis

The microscopic changes occurring within the udder tissues during mastitis, such as necrosis of duct epithelium, neutrophil infiltration in the subepithelium, and proteinaceous material in the alveoli lumen.

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Demarcation Line

A line separating affected and unaffected udder tissue, indicating the extent of the infection.

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Mild Mastitis Treatment

Treatment options for mild cases of mastitis, involving intramammary antibiotic tubes for 5-7 days until the infection clears.

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Moderate Mastitis Treatment

Treatment for moderate cases of mastitis that includes intramammary antibiotic tubes, systemic antibiotics like Tylosin, and supportive therapy with IV isotonics and sometimes NSAIDs.

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Severe Mastitis Treatment

The most severe form of mastitis where a variety of antibiotics, including clavulanic acid potentiated amoxicillin, Tylosin, tylmicosin, and oxytetracycline, are used. In severe cases, mastectomy may be necessary.

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Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis

An infection of the mammary gland caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, commonly found in older cattle and during early lactation. This type of mastitis is highly contagious.

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Clinical Streptococcus agalactiae Mastitis

The clinical signs of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis, including high bacterial counts in early stages, reduced milk production, milk clots, and increased SCC, followed by a decrease in bacterial count.

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Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)

A group of viral and bacterial infections primarily affecting the respiratory system of pigs. It can lead to respiratory distress and reduced growth performance.

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)

This virus causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets. It is a major concern for pig farmers.

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Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC)

A similar complex to PRDC, it affects the respiratory system of cattle. It can lead to pneumonia and reduced growth performance.

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Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), a major player in BRDC, causes respiratory problems in cattle, especially calves.

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Equine Vasculitis

A range of diseases impacting the circulatory system in horses. Some examples include Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, and Equine Infectious Anemia.

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Newcastle Disease

A highly contagious viral disease causing respiratory distress and neurological issues in poultry. It can cause significant economic losses in poultry farms.

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Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV)

A viral infection affecting the immune system of chickens, leading to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other diseases.

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Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV)

A viral disease affecting the immune system of chickens, primarily affecting the bursa of Fabricius, a major immune organ. It can lead to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other diseases.

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Study Notes

Infectious Disease MV5 S1

  • The image displays a meme related to a serious topic, likely indicating the course will cover infectious diseases.
  • The document contains a list of infectious disease topics and potential treatments.

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INF DISEASE Final Version Exam PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of veterinary microbiology with this quiz that covers key topics such as leptospirosis prevention, bacterial infections in cattle, and mastitis characteristics. Questions also explore microbial characteristics and fermentation processes critical for understanding animal health.

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