Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics Quiz

General Information

• Written by Dr. Pradeep Kumar, M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (pursuing).
• Published by International Book Distributing Co. in 2009 (First Edition).
• ISBN: 978-81-8189-218-8.

Purpose and Audience

• Aimed at covering practical and clinical aspects of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics.
• Designed for final year B.V.Sc. & A.H. students and veterinary clinicians.

Writing Style

• Presented in simple, engaging language to facilitate easy understanding.
• Avoids exhaustive data, focusing on concise, technical storytelling.
• Incorporates supplementary information boxes for deeper learning.

Unique Features

• Includes sections like "Interesting Facts," "Clinical Pointers," "Do you know?," and "Points to Remember" for enhanced interest and retention.
• Utilizes illustrations and photographs to complement textual information.
• Each chapter ends with "observations" and "exercises" for self-assessment.

Content Highlights

• Discusses new and traditional treatment concepts, emphasizing the evolution of veterinary practices.
• Introduces practical techniques for pregnancy diagnosis such as:
  • Recto-abdominal palpation for small ruminants.
  • Milk ejection test for early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle, noted for their high accuracy (90-100%).

Practical Application

• Emphasizes techniques applicable in Indian field conditions, avoiding reliance on costly or complex equipment.
• Highlights clinical cases related to cattle and buffalo to provide relevant practical examples.
• Encourages the adoption of modern treatment methods while addressing the limitations of outdated practices.

Conclusion

• Aims to provide a comprehensive and accessible resource for veterinary students and practitioners.
• Strives to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and field application in veterinary gynaecology and obstetrics.

Comparative Anatomy of Reproductive Tracts

• Ovaries exhibit distinct shapes across species:
  • Cow, she buffalo, ewe, doe: Almond-shaped
  • Mare: Bean or kidney-shaped
  • Sow: Resembles a cluster of grapes (berry-shaped)
• Functions of the ovaries include:
  • Oogenesis (exocrine function)
  • Secretion of hormones such as oestrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, and relaxin (endocrine function)

Uterine Tubes

• Also known as oviducts or fallopian tubes, these paired structures connect ovaries to the uterus.
• Size:
  • Length: 20-30 cm
  • Diameter: 2-3 mm
• Divided into three parts:
  • Infundibulum: Funnel-shaped, the ovarian end
  • Ampulla: Middle section
  • Isthmus: Constricted section near the uterus
• Functions:
  • Collection of ova (infundibulum)
  • Transport of ova
  • Fertilization occurs at the ampullary-isthmic junction

Uterus

• A thick, hollow muscular organ with two horns, a short body, and cervix.
• Located in the pelvic cavity in non-pregnant females.
• Related to the rectum above and urinary bladder below, attached by the broad ligament (mesometrium).

Behavioural Signs of Oestrus

• Mare:
  • Vicious temperament and frequent urination
  • Brownish-yellow vaginal discharge
  • Tail head raised and exposed clitoris through "winking"
  • Congested vulvar mucous membrane changes color to orange or scarlet
  • Turns back to stallion and stands with tail raised
• Ewe and Doe:
  • Signs of restlessness and anorexia
  • Occasional homosexual behavior in does
  • Frequent bleating indicative of heat in does
  • Drop in milk yield and vulvar swelling
  • Tail shaking signals heat in does

Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bovine

• Objectives:

  • Detect non-pregnant females to minimize infertility-related losses.
  • Differentiate between pregnancy and abnormal uterine conditions.

• External Examination:

  • Visual signs: cessation of oestrous cycle, sluggish behavior, weight gain
  • Milk yield drops post-5 months of pregnancy, abdominal enlargement, mammary gland growth begins around 5 months.

• Per-Rectal Examination:

  • First month: Uterine horns symmetrical, closed cervix, ovulation detected by corpus luteum.
  • Second month: Uterus palpable, larger size noticeable.
  • Third month: Uterus hangs and is palpable from three sides, with thinning walls.
  • Fourth month: Abdominal uterus, presence of cotyledons, fluctuating consistency is detectable.

Test your knowledge on the practical and clinical aspects of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, tailored for final year B.V.Sc. & A.H. students and veterinary clinicians. This quiz includes interesting facts, clinical pointers, and self-assessment exercises to enhance your understanding and retention of the material.