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Questions and Answers
What is a comedo primarily composed of?
What is a comedo primarily composed of?
Alopecia is the absence of hair growth.
Alopecia is the absence of hair growth.
True
What is the term for increased melanin production due to existing melanocytes?
What is the term for increased melanin production due to existing melanocytes?
Hyperpigmentation
The accumulation of dried exudate, blood, or serum on the skin is known as a _____.
The accumulation of dried exudate, blood, or serum on the skin is known as a _____.
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Which condition is characterized by excessive shedding of hair?
Which condition is characterized by excessive shedding of hair?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following can lead to pigmentation incontinence?
Which of the following can lead to pigmentation incontinence?
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What skin condition involves the thickening and hardening of the skin with exaggeration of superficial markings?
What skin condition involves the thickening and hardening of the skin with exaggeration of superficial markings?
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Which of the following is considered a primary skin lesion?
Which of the following is considered a primary skin lesion?
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Secondary lesions are considered more important diagnostically than primary lesions.
Secondary lesions are considered more important diagnostically than primary lesions.
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What is the medical term for a small, pus-filled elevation of the epidermis?
What is the medical term for a small, pus-filled elevation of the epidermis?
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A _____ is a well-circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid and measures less than 1 cm in diameter.
A _____ is a well-circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid and measures less than 1 cm in diameter.
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Match the following skin lesions with their descriptions:
Match the following skin lesions with their descriptions:
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What primary lesion is characterized by a larger, flat-topped solid elevation in the skin?
What primary lesion is characterized by a larger, flat-topped solid elevation in the skin?
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A wheal is most commonly seen with hypersensitivity disorders.
A wheal is most commonly seen with hypersensitivity disorders.
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Define what a cyst is in the context of skin lesions.
Define what a cyst is in the context of skin lesions.
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Study Notes
Factors Causing Skin Injury
- External factors, known as exogenous factors, can lead to skin injuries.
- Internal factors, referred to as endogenous factors, also contribute to skin injuries.
Gross Morphology of Skin Lesions
- Primary lesions originate from the skin and indicate the underlying disease; they are crucial for diagnosis.
- Secondary lesions develop from primary lesions due to factors like self-trauma or altered keratinization; they are less significant diagnostically.
Primary Lesions
- Macule: Altered skin color up to 1 cm; exemplified by lentigo, a benign hereditary condition affecting melanocytes.
- Papule: Small, round solid elevation up to 1 cm.
- Plaque: Larger, flat-topped solid elevation noted in skin lesions.
- Nodule: Hard, solid elevation larger than 1 cm that extends into deeper skin layers.
- Vesicle: Well-defined elevation of the epidermis under 1 cm, filled with clear fluid.
- Bulla: Large vesicle over 1 cm in diameter, forming a localized fluid collection.
- Tumor: A significant mass that may indicate neoplasia, affecting any skin structure.
- Cyst: Epithelial-lined cavity that can contain fluid or solid materials.
- Pustule: Small elevation of the epidermis filled with pus.
- Abscess: Local pus accumulation within the epidermis or hair follicle.
- Wheal: Smooth, round elevation due to dermal edema, often seen in hypersensitivity reactions.
Lesions that Can Be Primary or Secondary
- Scale: Accumulation of flakes or dandruff on the skin surface.
- Crust: Dried exudate, blood, or serum buildup.
- Comedo: Dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material, seen in conditions like Cushing's disease.
Abnormalities of Hair
- Alopecia: Hair loss.
- Hypotrichosis: Less hair than normal.
- Atrichia: Absence of hair due to failure to develop.
- Effluvium/defluxion: Excessive shedding.
- Hypertrichosis (hirsutism): Excess hair growth, often linked to conditions like pituitary adenoma.
Alterations in Epidermal Pigmentation
- Hyperpigmentation: Increased melanin production from melanocytes.
- Hypopigmentation: Reduced pigmentation may be congenital or due to a lack of melanocytes.
- Pigmentation Incontinence: Loss of melanin from the basal epidermal layer.
- Various factors affect melanin production including melanocyte-stimulating hormone, age, inflammation, temperature, and genetics.
Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation
- Hyperpigmentation indicators include red (erythema) due to inflammation/vasodilation and black (hypermelanosis).
- Hypopigmentation: Known as leukoderma, associated with decreased skin pigmentation.
Secondary Lesions
- Epidermal collarette: Circular rim of keratin flakes following the loss of a vesicle or pustule.
- Ulcer: Break in the epidermis exposing the underlying dermis.
- Excoriation: Erosions or ulcers resulting from scratching or biting.
- Fissure: Linear cleavage typically involving thickened skin.
- Lichenification: Thickening and hardening of skin with exaggerated superficial markings, often due to chronic irritation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on skin lesions and hair abnormalities in veterinary dermatology. This quiz covers primary and secondary lesions, including conditions like alopecia, crusts, and comedones. Understand the implications of these skin conditions in animals.
