Veterinary Dermatology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a comedo primarily composed of?

Dilated hair follicle with sebaceous material (correct)

Thickened skin layer

Excessively shed hair

Dried exudate

Alopecia is the absence of hair growth.

True

What is the term for increased melanin production due to existing melanocytes?

Hyperpigmentation

The accumulation of dried exudate, blood, or serum on the skin is known as a _____.

crust Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by excessive shedding of hair?

Effluvium Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Hypertrichosis = More hair than normal Hypopigmentation = Decreased pigmentation Scar = Fibrous tissue replacing damaged skin Excoriation = Erosions caused by scratching Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to pigmentation incontinence?

Aging Signup and view all the answers

What skin condition involves the thickening and hardening of the skin with exaggeration of superficial markings?

Lichenification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a primary skin lesion?

Macule Signup and view all the answers

Secondary lesions are considered more important diagnostically than primary lesions.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for a small, pus-filled elevation of the epidermis?

Pustule Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is a well-circumscribed elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid and measures less than 1 cm in diameter.

Vesicle Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin lesions with their descriptions:

Macule = Area of altered skin color, up to 1 cm Papule = Small, round solid elevation of the skin Bulla = Large vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter Wheal = Smooth elevation of skin due to dermal edema Signup and view all the answers

What primary lesion is characterized by a larger, flat-topped solid elevation in the skin?

Plaque Signup and view all the answers

A wheal is most commonly seen with hypersensitivity disorders.

True Signup and view all the answers

Define what a cyst is in the context of skin lesions.

An epithelial lined cavity containing fluid or solid material. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Causing Skin Injury

External factors, known as exogenous factors, can lead to skin injuries.
Internal factors, referred to as endogenous factors, also contribute to skin injuries.

Gross Morphology of Skin Lesions

Primary lesions originate from the skin and indicate the underlying disease; they are crucial for diagnosis.
Secondary lesions develop from primary lesions due to factors like self-trauma or altered keratinization; they are less significant diagnostically.

Primary Lesions

Macule: Altered skin color up to 1 cm; exemplified by lentigo, a benign hereditary condition affecting melanocytes.
Papule: Small, round solid elevation up to 1 cm.
Plaque: Larger, flat-topped solid elevation noted in skin lesions.
Nodule: Hard, solid elevation larger than 1 cm that extends into deeper skin layers.
Vesicle: Well-defined elevation of the epidermis under 1 cm, filled with clear fluid.
Bulla: Large vesicle over 1 cm in diameter, forming a localized fluid collection.
Tumor: A significant mass that may indicate neoplasia, affecting any skin structure.
Cyst: Epithelial-lined cavity that can contain fluid or solid materials.
Pustule: Small elevation of the epidermis filled with pus.
Abscess: Local pus accumulation within the epidermis or hair follicle.
Wheal: Smooth, round elevation due to dermal edema, often seen in hypersensitivity reactions.

Lesions that Can Be Primary or Secondary

Scale: Accumulation of flakes or dandruff on the skin surface.
Crust: Dried exudate, blood, or serum buildup.
Comedo: Dilated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material, seen in conditions like Cushing's disease.

Abnormalities of Hair

Alopecia: Hair loss.
Hypotrichosis: Less hair than normal.
Atrichia: Absence of hair due to failure to develop.
Effluvium/defluxion: Excessive shedding.
Hypertrichosis (hirsutism): Excess hair growth, often linked to conditions like pituitary adenoma.

Alterations in Epidermal Pigmentation

Hyperpigmentation: Increased melanin production from melanocytes.
Hypopigmentation: Reduced pigmentation may be congenital or due to a lack of melanocytes.
Pigmentation Incontinence: Loss of melanin from the basal epidermal layer.
Various factors affect melanin production including melanocyte-stimulating hormone, age, inflammation, temperature, and genetics.

Hyperpigmentation and Hypopigmentation

Hyperpigmentation indicators include red (erythema) due to inflammation/vasodilation and black (hypermelanosis).
Hypopigmentation: Known as leukoderma, associated with decreased skin pigmentation.

Secondary Lesions

Epidermal collarette: Circular rim of keratin flakes following the loss of a vesicle or pustule.
Ulcer: Break in the epidermis exposing the underlying dermis.
Excoriation: Erosions or ulcers resulting from scratching or biting.
Fissure: Linear cleavage typically involving thickened skin.
Lichenification: Thickening and hardening of skin with exaggerated superficial markings, often due to chronic irritation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on skin lesions and hair abnormalities in veterinary dermatology. This quiz covers primary and secondary lesions, including conditions like alopecia, crusts, and comedones. Understand the implications of these skin conditions in animals.