Veterinary Dermatology Quiz

A condition where glucose spills into the urine, even if blood sugar levels are normal.

A group of disorders affecting the kidneys, causing them to lose essential nutrients and electrolytes in the urine.

A substance found in urine that can interfere with glucose test accuracy.

A by-product of a urinary antiseptic that can lead to false-negative results in glucose tests.

Chemicals that can contaminate urine samples and cause inaccurate results in glucose tests.

Chemicals produced during fatty acid metabolism, including acetoacetic acid, acetone, and β-hydroxybutyrate.

A test that detects the presence of acetone and acetoacetic acid in urine, but not β-hydroxybutyrate.

A test that detects bilirubin in urine.

The preferred method of urine collection for bacterial culture is cystocentesis, which involves collecting sterile urine directly from the bladder using a needle.

If urine samples are collected by methods other than cystocentesis, a quantitative urine culture should be ordered to determine the number of bacteria present.

For urine samples collected by spontaneous micturition or manual compression in dogs, significant numbers of bacteria are present if ≥100,000 CFU/mL of urine are detected.

For urine samples collected by spontaneous micturition or manual compression in cats, significant numbers of bacteria are present if ≥10,000 CFU/mL of urine are detected.

Samples with >10,000–90,000 CFU/mL in dogs and >1,000–10,000 CFU/mL in cats are considered suspicious for a UTI.

For urine samples collected by catheterization in dogs, ≥10,000 CFU/mL is significant for UTI, while 1,000–10,000 CFU/mL is suspicious.

For urine samples collected by catheterization in cats, ≥1,000 CFU/mL is significant for UTI, while 100–1,000 CFU/mL is suspicious.

Serum chemistry tests, including BUN, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, and electrolytes, can be helpful in diagnosing urinary tract disorders and estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Skin problems that appear and disappear based on the seasons, often due to factors like fleas, allergies, or weather changes.

Specific areas of the body where skin issues first appear, hinting at potential causes like allergies, mites, or hormonal imbalances.

The history of treatments and their effectiveness can help determine the underlying cause of skin problems.

Recent bathing can mask or alter skin lesions. Over-bathing can contribute to skin problems.

Presence of fleas, ticks, or mites can cause skin problems and must be assessed.

The presence of other animals can indicate contagious skin diseases like fleas, scabies, or ringworm.

The animal's environment can influence skin problems. For instance, contact dermatitis can be triggered by changes in housing.

Skin problems can be a sign of systemic illnesses like thyroid disorders, diabetes, or kidney disease. Look for signs or reports of these conditions.

Areas of skin trauma caused by scratching, rubbing, or picking.

Thickening and darkening of the skin, often due to chronic scratching or irritation.

Loss of the outer layer of skin, creating an open sore.

A thin, flaky layer of dead skin cells.

Dried serum or pus on the skin surface.

Darkening of the skin, often due to inflammation or sun exposure.

A collection of sebum (oil) and keratin in a hair follicle, appearing as a blackhead.

Plugging of hair follicles with visible keratin.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) records electrical activity of the heart. It provides information on heart function and can identify heart rhythm problems.

ECG is limited for detecting heart diseases in cattle because their hearts have a very complex electrical network.

Echocardiography uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can measure heart size, wall thickness, valve function, and blood flow.

A complete echocardiographic study assesses various aspects of the heart, including its structure, function, and blood flow.

Ultrasonography can detect abnormalities around the heart and some details of its internal structure.

Echocardiography can measure heart size.

Echocardiography can measure heart wall thickness.

Echocardiography can assess heart valve function.

A weak, difficult-to-detect pulse, often found in animals with decreased blood volume, heart failure, or severe blood loss.

A pulse that speeds up, often in response to pain, excitement, or decreased blood flow.

A pulse that slows down, often due to illness, stress, or certain medications.

The visible or palpable beating of the heart at its apex, often more prominent in young animals.

The jugular vein becomes distended when the jugular vein is blocked, and it quickly returns to normal when the pressure is removed.

The jugular vein remains distended even after pressure is released, suggesting a problem with the heart's right side.

The jugular veins appear flat and empty due to dehydration or shock.

Visible veins on the abdomen, also known as 'milk veins', which are normally full of blood.