Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following symptoms is NOT a result of Amitraz administration?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT a result of Amitraz administration?
What is the primary reason for performing multiple skin scrapings during diagnosis?
What is the primary reason for performing multiple skin scrapings during diagnosis?
Which treatment method is discouraged for localized demodicosis?
Which treatment method is discouraged for localized demodicosis?
What condition can Amitraz administration lead to, in addition to sedation?
What condition can Amitraz administration lead to, in addition to sedation?
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Which method is NOT a part of diagnosing skin conditions?
Which method is NOT a part of diagnosing skin conditions?
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What is characterized by excessive grooming leading to a specific hair appearance?
What is characterized by excessive grooming leading to a specific hair appearance?
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Which type of alopecia is typically characterized by its symmetrical pattern?
Which type of alopecia is typically characterized by its symmetrical pattern?
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What is the primary bacterial cause associated with a cat bite abscess?
What is the primary bacterial cause associated with a cat bite abscess?
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What does the term 'Wheal' describe in dermatology?
What does the term 'Wheal' describe in dermatology?
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Which condition is marked by hyperpigmentation in specific body areas and can spread to others?
Which condition is marked by hyperpigmentation in specific body areas and can spread to others?
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What is the rationale for conducting a full work-up for dogs with concurrent diseases?
What is the rationale for conducting a full work-up for dogs with concurrent diseases?
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What is the function of keratolytic shampoo in the treatment protocol?
What is the function of keratolytic shampoo in the treatment protocol?
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Which statement is true regarding the use of Mitaban dips?
Which statement is true regarding the use of Mitaban dips?
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What should be avoided when administering Amitraz?
What should be avoided when administering Amitraz?
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Why should female dogs not be spayed during treatment for Demodicosis?
Why should female dogs not be spayed during treatment for Demodicosis?
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What is the characteristic nature of alopecia observed in cats?
What is the characteristic nature of alopecia observed in cats?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of endocrine alopecia in cats?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of endocrine alopecia in cats?
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What area is least likely to exhibit alopecia in dogs with hypothyroidism?
What area is least likely to exhibit alopecia in dogs with hypothyroidism?
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Which finding would most likely indicate a secondary bacterial or yeast infection in a cat with alopecia?
Which finding would most likely indicate a secondary bacterial or yeast infection in a cat with alopecia?
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Which dog breed characteristic increases the likelihood of developing hypothyroidism at a younger age?
Which dog breed characteristic increases the likelihood of developing hypothyroidism at a younger age?
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What is a characteristic feature of cyclic flank alopecia?
What is a characteristic feature of cyclic flank alopecia?
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Which breed is commonly affected by alopecia X?
Which breed is commonly affected by alopecia X?
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What is the primary cause of color-dilution alopecia?
What is the primary cause of color-dilution alopecia?
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Which of the following symptoms may indicate hyperandrogenism in males?
Which of the following symptoms may indicate hyperandrogenism in males?
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What is a notable symptom in females that may be linked to skin disorders?
What is a notable symptom in females that may be linked to skin disorders?
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What is the typical duration of the life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei on its host?
What is the typical duration of the life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei on its host?
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Which area is least likely to be infested by mites during a scabies infection?
Which area is least likely to be infested by mites during a scabies infection?
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What is a primary symptom experienced by a host infested with scabies?
What is a primary symptom experienced by a host infested with scabies?
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What is the first step in the treatment plan for scabies?
What is the first step in the treatment plan for scabies?
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In diagnosing scabies, which factor is least reliable for confirmation?
In diagnosing scabies, which factor is least reliable for confirmation?
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What is the primary immune response associated with atopy?
What is the primary immune response associated with atopy?
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Which clinical sign is typically associated with atopy in allergic animals?
Which clinical sign is typically associated with atopy in allergic animals?
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Which of the following factors is NOT contributing to atopic dermatitis?
Which of the following factors is NOT contributing to atopic dermatitis?
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Which type of response do allergens typically elicit in allergic animals?
Which type of response do allergens typically elicit in allergic animals?
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What type of hypersensitivity is associated with atopy?
What type of hypersensitivity is associated with atopy?
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Which treatment method is considered to have a low risk of anaphylaxis during administration?
Which treatment method is considered to have a low risk of anaphylaxis during administration?
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What method involves using topical anti-itch medicine to reduce allergen exposure?
What method involves using topical anti-itch medicine to reduce allergen exposure?
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Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended when dealing with house dust mites?
Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended when dealing with house dust mites?
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Which treatment is characterized by using vaccines to reduce allergic reactions?
Which treatment is characterized by using vaccines to reduce allergic reactions?
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What is the proper term for the careful and appropriate use of corticosteroids in allergy treatment?
What is the proper term for the careful and appropriate use of corticosteroids in allergy treatment?
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What is the primary distinguishing factor between irritant contact dermatitis and contact allergy?
What is the primary distinguishing factor between irritant contact dermatitis and contact allergy?
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Which of the following substances is NOT commonly associated with irritant contact dermatitis?
Which of the following substances is NOT commonly associated with irritant contact dermatitis?
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In diagnosing irritant contact dermatitis, which method is essential?
In diagnosing irritant contact dermatitis, which method is essential?
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Which breed is known to have an inherent inability to absorb zinc from the GI tract?
Which breed is known to have an inherent inability to absorb zinc from the GI tract?
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What clinical signs are typically present in cases of zinc deficiency?
What clinical signs are typically present in cases of zinc deficiency?
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What is the role of allergen-specific IgE in allergic animals?
What is the role of allergen-specific IgE in allergic animals?
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In allergic diseases, what is the significance of the time frame between the sensitization and challenge exposures?
In allergic diseases, what is the significance of the time frame between the sensitization and challenge exposures?
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What is the primary clinical sign that indicates the presence of allergic diseases in animals?
What is the primary clinical sign that indicates the presence of allergic diseases in animals?
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Which of the following is a common approach to managing allergic skin inflammation?
Which of the following is a common approach to managing allergic skin inflammation?
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What is the recommended approach for treating allergic responses in animals?
What is the recommended approach for treating allergic responses in animals?
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What characterizes Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT)?
What characterizes Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT)?
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Which of the following is a potential complication associated with allergic diseases in animals?
Which of the following is a potential complication associated with allergic diseases in animals?
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What is necessary in the diagnosis of allergic skin diseases?
What is necessary in the diagnosis of allergic skin diseases?
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Study Notes
Inflammatory Alopecia
- Patchy hair loss
Non-inflammatory Alopecia
- Symmetrical hair loss
Barbered Tips
- Due to excessive grooming
Cat Bite Abscess
- Caused by Fusobacterium bacteroides and Clostridium
Acanthosis Nigricans
- Hyperpigmentation of axillary and groin regions
- Can spread to other areas in Dachshunds
Bulla
- A vesicle larger than 1cm in diameter
Wheal
- Circumscribed, raised lesion
Adult-onset Diseases in Dogs
- Immunosuppressive disease work-up
- Complete Blood Count, biochemistry, heartworm, fecal checks are recommended
- Thyroid and Cushing evaluation
- Appropriate antibiotic therapy based on culture and sensitivity tests
Bacterial Culture
- Bactericidal antibiotics should be used for 3 days
- Keratolytic shampoo should be used to open hair follicles
Mitaban Dips
- Treat Demodicosis
- Use every 2 weeks
- Dipping weekly is off-label and may improve the condition
Amitraz
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
- Do not administer if the dog is taking Anipryl or other MAOIs
Monitoring Treatment Progress
- Monthly skin scrapings are conducted for 1-2 months beyond treatment completion
Important Considerations for Treatment
- Female dogs shouldn't be spayed during treatment due to potential pyometra and mammary neoplasia risk
- Ivermectin is an anti-infective but not FDA-approved
Amitraz
- α2 agonist
- Causes sedation, hypotension, hypothermia, bradycardia, hyperglycemia, and gastrointestinal stasis
Diagnosing Demodicosis
- Deep skin scrapings
- Squeezing affected areas from hair follicles
- Multiple skin scrapings from affected areas for diagnosis
Treating Demodicosis
- Do not use corticosteroids
- Localized demodicosis can be treated with spontaneous treatment, benzoyl peroxide follicular flush, improved nutrition, and parasite/heartworm treatment
Alopecia in Cats
- Typically symmetrical and bilateral, sparing the head and extremities
- Non-inflammatory
Endocrine Alopecia in Cats
- Not common, but pruritus should be considered
Hypothyroidism in Dogs
- Common in medium to large breeds
- High-risk breeds with autoimmune thyroiditis may be diagnosed younger
Hypothyroidism Clinical Signs in Dogs
- General: Mental dullness, lethargy, obesity without increased food intake, exercise intolerance
- Dermatologic: Alopecia, "rat" tail
Cyclic Flank Alopecia
- Seasonal truncal alopecia
- Common in Boxers, English Bulldogs, and Airedales
- Occurs typically in the winter months with hair regrowth during the warmer months
Alopecia X
- Not associated with systemic illness
- Common in Poodles, Pomeranians, and plush-coated breeds
- Progressive alopecia with skin hyperpigmentation
- Diagnosed by ruling out other endocrine alopecias
Color Dilution Alopecia
- Associated with diluted coat colors
- Abnormal melanization leading to weak hair shafts that break easily
Endocrine Alopecia in Females
- Enlarged vulva or nipples with non-inflammatory alopecia
- Irregular heat cycles
Endocrine Alopecia in Males
- Feminization
- Hyperandrogenism due to testicular tumors or hyperplasia of perianal and tail glands
- Urinary incontinence
Scabies
- Sarcoptes scabiei var.can infest humans, can infest various animal species
- Infection is extremely contagious
- Life cycle takes 17-21 days and occurs entirely on the host
Scabies Symptoms
- Intense itching, mites are difficult to see
- Found in ear margins, lateral ventral abdomen
- Secondary lesions include excoriations and lichenification
Scabies Treatment
- Eliminate fleas
- Use Larvacidal or ovaricidal treatment
- Control pruritus
Scabies Diagnosis
- Can mimic other skin diseases
- Can be diagnosed by observing multiple superficial skin lesions and response to therapy
Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis)
- Inherited predisposition to hypersensitivity to allergens
- Associated with specific immune antibodies
- Overactive Th2 response
Atopic Dermatitis Treatment
- Topical or oral antihistamines
- Antiseborrheic shampoos
- Address underlying skin conditions
Allergic Disorders
- Type I hypersensitivity
- Allergen exposure, whether percutaneous or indirect, is believed to be the cause
- Allergic animals produce more IgE
- Clinical signs typically occur by 3 years of age
- Clinical signs develop after the second exposure, but not the first
- Allergen-specific IgG and IgE responses occur
- Clinical signs are seasonal or non-seasonal
- Typically affect face and ventral body regions
Factors Contributing to Atopy
- Defects in barrier function
- Overactive Th2 immune response against allergens
- Commensal microbes, house dust mites, canines, etc. can contribute
Allergic Response to Allergen Exposure
- Allergic animals produce more IgE
Clinical Signs of Allergic Disease
- Appear between 1 and 3 years of age and require a second exposure
- Exposure to previously encountered allergens triggers allergen-specific IgE production
- Allergen-specific IgE binds to mast cells, leading to degranulation and atopy symptoms
Clinical Signs in Affected Animals
- Seasonal or non-seasonal pruritus, affecting face and feet
- Interdigital, axillary, hairless zones are initially affected, but can spread
- Chronic ear inflammation (otitis externa) is common
- Secondary bacterial or yeast infections are common
- Self-trauma can cause additional lesions
Atopy Diagnosis
- Pruritus is the primary symptom
- Other pruritic causes of skin disease must be excluded
- Diagnosis is via a process of exclusion
- Allergy testing identifies allergens, but does not diagnose atopic dermatitis
Atopy Treatment
- Remove allergens when possible
- Hyposensitization therapy using vaccines
- Corticosteroids for inflammation, but use judiciously
- Antihistamine/fatty acid combination therapy
- Topical antipruritic ointments to reduce allergen contact
- Immunotherapy such as cyclosporine
Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT)
- Includes SLIT (sublingual immunotherapy), which has comparable cost, easy administration, and lower anaphylaxis risk
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
- Inflammatory reaction to irritating substances
- More common than contact allergy
- Irritating substances include acids, detergents, and insecticides
- Clinical signs include thinly haired areas, pain rather than itching
- Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination
Zinc Deficiency in Dogs
- Nordic breeds have an inherent inability to absorb zinc from the GI tract
- Any breed can demonstrate clinical signs with certain diets
- Plant-based proteins and calcium supplements can bind zinc
Zinc Deficiency Clinical Signs
- Crusting and ulceration on the footpads
- Pyrexia and other clinical signs possible
Zinc Deficiency Diagnosis
- Based on signalment, history, and clinical examination
- Histopathology can be used
Oclacitinib
- Licensed for allergic dermatitis, use with caution
- Inhibits IL-2, 4, 6, 13, 31
- Do not use in animals with neoplasia, G.demodex, serious infections, breeding animals, cats, or with other immunomodulators
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Description
Test your knowledge on various dermatological conditions in dogs, including inflammatory and non-inflammatory alopecia, skin lesions, and bacterial infections. This quiz covers essential treatments and diagnostic approaches for common canine skin issues.
