Veterinary Dermatology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT a result of Amitraz administration?

Bradycardia

Hypothermia

Hypertension (correct)

Gastrointestinal stasis

What is the primary reason for performing multiple skin scrapings during diagnosis?

To collect a sufficient quantity of hair

To expedite the testing process

To ensure a diagnosis by obtaining a representative sample (correct)

To avoid cross-contamination of samples

Which treatment method is discouraged for localized demodicosis?

Using benzoyl peroxide

Using Amitraz (correct)

Treating parasites or heartworm

Improving nutrition

What condition can Amitraz administration lead to, in addition to sedation?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT a part of diagnosing skin conditions?

Localized physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by excessive grooming leading to a specific hair appearance?

Barbered Tips Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alopecia is typically characterized by its symmetrical pattern?

Non-inflammatory Alopecia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary bacterial cause associated with a cat bite abscess?

Fusobacterium bacteroides Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Wheal' describe in dermatology?

A raised, circumscribed lesion Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is marked by hyperpigmentation in specific body areas and can spread to others?

Acanthosis Nigricans Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for conducting a full work-up for dogs with concurrent diseases?

To assess potential complications from multiple conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of keratolytic shampoo in the treatment protocol?

To open hair follicles before applying Mitaban dips Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the use of Mitaban dips?

Mitaban is FDA-approved specifically for treating Demodicosis Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when administering Amitraz?

Combining with other monoamine oxidase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Why should female dogs not be spayed during treatment for Demodicosis?

To prevent the risk of pyometra and mammary neoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic nature of alopecia observed in cats?

Symmetrical and bilateral Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of endocrine alopecia in cats?

Obesity without increased food intake Signup and view all the answers

What area is least likely to exhibit alopecia in dogs with hypothyroidism?

Lateral forelimbs Signup and view all the answers

Which finding would most likely indicate a secondary bacterial or yeast infection in a cat with alopecia?

Severe pruritus Signup and view all the answers

Which dog breed characteristic increases the likelihood of developing hypothyroidism at a younger age?

Autoimmune thyroiditis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of cyclic flank alopecia?

Seasonal hair loss typically seen in certain breeds Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is commonly affected by alopecia X?

Poodles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of color-dilution alopecia?

Abnormal melanization of hair follicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms may indicate hyperandrogenism in males?

Testicular tumors or gland hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable symptom in females that may be linked to skin disorders?

Irregular heat cycles Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the life cycle of Sarcoptes scabiei on its host?

17 to 21 days Signup and view all the answers

Which area is least likely to be infested by mites during a scabies infection?

Back of the hands Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary symptom experienced by a host infested with scabies?

Intense itching Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the treatment plan for scabies?

Eliminating flea exposure Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing scabies, which factor is least reliable for confirmation?

Removal of superficial skin layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary immune response associated with atopy?

Overactive Th2 response Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is typically associated with atopy in allergic animals?

Seasonal to non-seasonal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT contributing to atopic dermatitis?

Normal immune response to environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of response do allergens typically elicit in allergic animals?

Increased production of IgE Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with atopy?

Type I hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is considered to have a low risk of anaphylaxis during administration?

Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) Signup and view all the answers

What method involves using topical anti-itch medicine to reduce allergen exposure?

Topical antipruritic and bathing therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended when dealing with house dust mites?

Increased allergen exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is characterized by using vaccines to reduce allergic reactions?

Hyposensitization vaccine therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper term for the careful and appropriate use of corticosteroids in allergy treatment?

Judicious therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing factor between irritant contact dermatitis and contact allergy?

Irritant contact dermatitis results from an irritating substance, while contact allergy is an immune reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is NOT commonly associated with irritant contact dermatitis?

Plant-based proteins Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing irritant contact dermatitis, which method is essential?

History and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is known to have an inherent inability to absorb zinc from the GI tract?

Nordic breeds Signup and view all the answers

What clinical signs are typically present in cases of zinc deficiency?

Pyrexia and crusting on footpads Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of allergen-specific IgE in allergic animals?

It binds to mast cells and triggers degranulation. Signup and view all the answers

In allergic diseases, what is the significance of the time frame between the sensitization and challenge exposures?

A second exposure is necessary to trigger clinical signs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical sign that indicates the presence of allergic diseases in animals?

Non-seasonal pruritus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common approach to managing allergic skin inflammation?

Combination of corticosteroids with antihistamines or fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for treating allergic responses in animals?

Avoidance of identified allergens is ideal. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT)?

It utilizes small doses administered easily. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with allergic diseases in animals?

Secondary infections such as bacterial or yeast infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary in the diagnosis of allergic skin diseases?

A thorough exclusion of other pruritic causes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inflammatory Alopecia

Patchy hair loss

Non-inflammatory Alopecia

Symmetrical hair loss

Barbered Tips

Due to excessive grooming

Cat Bite Abscess

Caused by Fusobacterium bacteroides and Clostridium

Acanthosis Nigricans

Hyperpigmentation of axillary and groin regions
Can spread to other areas in Dachshunds

Bulla

A vesicle larger than 1cm in diameter

Wheal

Circumscribed, raised lesion

Adult-onset Diseases in Dogs

Immunosuppressive disease work-up
Complete Blood Count, biochemistry, heartworm, fecal checks are recommended
Thyroid and Cushing evaluation
Appropriate antibiotic therapy based on culture and sensitivity tests

Bacterial Culture

Bactericidal antibiotics should be used for 3 days
Keratolytic shampoo should be used to open hair follicles

Mitaban Dips

Treat Demodicosis
Use every 2 weeks
Dipping weekly is off-label and may improve the condition

Amitraz

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
Do not administer if the dog is taking Anipryl or other MAOIs

Monitoring Treatment Progress

Monthly skin scrapings are conducted for 1-2 months beyond treatment completion

Important Considerations for Treatment

Female dogs shouldn't be spayed during treatment due to potential pyometra and mammary neoplasia risk
Ivermectin is an anti-infective but not FDA-approved

Amitraz

α2 agonist
Causes sedation, hypotension, hypothermia, bradycardia, hyperglycemia, and gastrointestinal stasis

Diagnosing Demodicosis

Deep skin scrapings
Squeezing affected areas from hair follicles
Multiple skin scrapings from affected areas for diagnosis

Treating Demodicosis

Do not use corticosteroids
Localized demodicosis can be treated with spontaneous treatment, benzoyl peroxide follicular flush, improved nutrition, and parasite/heartworm treatment

Alopecia in Cats

Typically symmetrical and bilateral, sparing the head and extremities
Non-inflammatory

Endocrine Alopecia in Cats

Not common, but pruritus should be considered

Hypothyroidism in Dogs

Common in medium to large breeds
High-risk breeds with autoimmune thyroiditis may be diagnosed younger

Hypothyroidism Clinical Signs in Dogs

General: Mental dullness, lethargy, obesity without increased food intake, exercise intolerance
Dermatologic: Alopecia, "rat" tail

Cyclic Flank Alopecia

Seasonal truncal alopecia
Common in Boxers, English Bulldogs, and Airedales
Occurs typically in the winter months with hair regrowth during the warmer months

Alopecia X

Not associated with systemic illness
Common in Poodles, Pomeranians, and plush-coated breeds
Progressive alopecia with skin hyperpigmentation
Diagnosed by ruling out other endocrine alopecias

Color Dilution Alopecia

Associated with diluted coat colors
Abnormal melanization leading to weak hair shafts that break easily

Endocrine Alopecia in Females

Enlarged vulva or nipples with non-inflammatory alopecia
Irregular heat cycles

Endocrine Alopecia in Males

Feminization
Hyperandrogenism due to testicular tumors or hyperplasia of perianal and tail glands
Urinary incontinence

Scabies

Sarcoptes scabiei var.can infest humans, can infest various animal species
Infection is extremely contagious
Life cycle takes 17-21 days and occurs entirely on the host

Scabies Symptoms

Intense itching, mites are difficult to see
Found in ear margins, lateral ventral abdomen
Secondary lesions include excoriations and lichenification

Scabies Treatment

Eliminate fleas
Use Larvacidal or ovaricidal treatment
Control pruritus

Scabies Diagnosis

Can mimic other skin diseases
Can be diagnosed by observing multiple superficial skin lesions and response to therapy

Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis)

Inherited predisposition to hypersensitivity to allergens
Associated with specific immune antibodies
Overactive Th2 response

Atopic Dermatitis Treatment

Topical or oral antihistamines
Antiseborrheic shampoos
Address underlying skin conditions

Allergic Disorders

Type I hypersensitivity
Allergen exposure, whether percutaneous or indirect, is believed to be the cause
Allergic animals produce more IgE
Clinical signs typically occur by 3 years of age
Clinical signs develop after the second exposure, but not the first
Allergen-specific IgG and IgE responses occur
Clinical signs are seasonal or non-seasonal
Typically affect face and ventral body regions

Factors Contributing to Atopy

Defects in barrier function
Overactive Th2 immune response against allergens
Commensal microbes, house dust mites, canines, etc. can contribute

Allergic Response to Allergen Exposure

Allergic animals produce more IgE

Clinical Signs of Allergic Disease

Appear between 1 and 3 years of age and require a second exposure
Exposure to previously encountered allergens triggers allergen-specific IgE production
Allergen-specific IgE binds to mast cells, leading to degranulation and atopy symptoms

Clinical Signs in Affected Animals

Seasonal or non-seasonal pruritus, affecting face and feet
Interdigital, axillary, hairless zones are initially affected, but can spread
Chronic ear inflammation (otitis externa) is common
Secondary bacterial or yeast infections are common
Self-trauma can cause additional lesions

Atopy Diagnosis

Pruritus is the primary symptom
Other pruritic causes of skin disease must be excluded
Diagnosis is via a process of exclusion
Allergy testing identifies allergens, but does not diagnose atopic dermatitis

Atopy Treatment

Remove allergens when possible
Hyposensitization therapy using vaccines
Corticosteroids for inflammation, but use judiciously
Antihistamine/fatty acid combination therapy
Topical antipruritic ointments to reduce allergen contact
Immunotherapy such as cyclosporine

Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (ASIT)

Includes SLIT (sublingual immunotherapy), which has comparable cost, easy administration, and lower anaphylaxis risk

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Inflammatory reaction to irritating substances
More common than contact allergy
Irritating substances include acids, detergents, and insecticides
Clinical signs include thinly haired areas, pain rather than itching
Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination

Zinc Deficiency in Dogs

Nordic breeds have an inherent inability to absorb zinc from the GI tract
Any breed can demonstrate clinical signs with certain diets
Plant-based proteins and calcium supplements can bind zinc

Zinc Deficiency Clinical Signs

Crusting and ulceration on the footpads
Pyrexia and other clinical signs possible

Zinc Deficiency Diagnosis

Based on signalment, history, and clinical examination
Histopathology can be used

Oclacitinib

Licensed for allergic dermatitis, use with caution
Inhibits IL-2, 4, 6, 13, 31
Do not use in animals with neoplasia, G.demodex, serious infections, breeding animals, cats, or with other immunomodulators

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Description

Test your knowledge on various dermatological conditions in dogs, including inflammatory and non-inflammatory alopecia, skin lesions, and bacterial infections. This quiz covers essential treatments and diagnostic approaches for common canine skin issues.