Recent

  • Show all results for ""

🎧 New: AI-Generated Podcasts Turn your study notes into engaging audio conversations. Learn more

Veterinary Autoimmunity Quiz
60 Questions
4 Views

Veterinary Autoimmunity Quiz

Created by
@ConsummateLagoon

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of tolerance involves the killing or rendering harmless of immature self-reactive T and B lymphocyte clones during their maturation in the thymus and bone marrow?

  • Secondary tolerance
  • Central tolerance (correct)
  • Peripheral tolerance
  • Primary tolerance

    • Where does the first change to an early thymic immigrant, immature T cells, occur during their maturation?

  • Thymus (correct)
  • Lymph nodes
  • Bone marrow
  • Spleen

    • What is the first step in T-cell development and maturation?

  • Expression of TCR
  • Thymic maturation
  • Creation within the bone marrow (correct)
  • Export via the blood to the thymus

    • What is the main role of immature T cells in the thymus during positive selection?

    <p>Proving their TCR can interact with MHC-peptide complex with moderate affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome for immature bone marrow B cells undergoing negative selection if they are self-reactive?

    <p>Deletion by apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of regulatory T cells in peripheral tolerance mechanisms?

    <p>Secreting immunosuppressive cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to be the result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells in the eye?

    <p>Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is strongly linked to autoimmunity in specific dog breeds?

    <p>Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects?

    <p>Infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors may lead to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity?

    <p>Inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central tolerance involves the killing or rendering harmless of immature self-reactive T and B lymphocyte clones during their maturation in the spleen and lymph nodes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymic maturation is a wasteful process, as about 99% of immature T cells that enter the thymus do not leave, but instead die by apoptosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peripheral tolerance mechanisms are responsible for eliminating or controlling potentially autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in the primary lymphoid organs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immature bone marrow B cells undergo positive selection, leading to further gene rearrangement if self-reactive and deletion by apoptosis if not.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymic epithelial cells play a minor role in central tolerance by presenting a limited range of normal tissue antigens through low autophagy levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigen sequestration can lead to self-reactive immune responses, as antigens not expressed in the thymus or in immunologically privileged sites may never be exposed to the immune system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmunity may occur due to the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty, long after T cell system development, leading to potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of stimulatory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in cats and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of self-tolerance in the context of autoimmunity and the mechanisms involved in achieving self-tolerance.

    <p>Self-tolerance refers to the ability of the immune system to tolerate self-antigens that comprise the tissues of the body. It involves two main mechanisms: central tolerance, where immature self-reactive T and B lymphocytes are eliminated or rendered harmless during their maturation in the thymus and bone marrow, and peripheral tolerance, which is responsible for controlling potentially autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in the primary lymphoid organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of T-cell development and maturation, including the role of the thymus and the outcome for immature T cells.

    <p>T cells are created within the bone marrow and undergo final development and maturation in the thymus. The thymic maturation process involves the elimination of the majority of immature T cells, with about 99% of them dying by apoptosis and only a small percentage leaving the thymus as mature T cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of self-tolerance mechanisms, and how do they contribute to preventing autoimmunity?

    <p>The two main categories of self-tolerance mechanisms are central tolerance and peripheral tolerance. Central tolerance eliminates or renders harmless immature self-reactive T and B lymphocytes during their maturation in the thymus and bone marrow, while peripheral tolerance controls potentially autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in the primary lymphoid organs, collectively preventing the development of autoimmunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main tolerance mechanisms that immature T cells undergo in the thymus?

    <p>Positive selection and negative selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main peripheral tolerance mechanisms that prevent immune reactions against self-antigens?

    <p>Anergy and suppression by regulatory T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two immunosuppressive cytokines secreted by regulatory T cells to inhibit lymphocyte activation and effector functions?

    <p>IL-10 and TGF-β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors influencing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in animals?

    <p>Factors influencing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in animals include genetic background, predisposing factors, environmental triggers, age, gender, lifestyle, diet, immunosenescence, and reduction in cell-mediated immune function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are specific dog breeds susceptible to autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Specific dog breeds are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, often occurring within pedigree lines, with genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) strongly linked to autoimmunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye?

    <p>The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may trigger autoimmune responses in animals?

    <p>Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central tolerance: immature self-reactive T and B lymphocyte clones that recognise selfantigens during their maturation in the thymus (T cells) and bone marrow (B cells) are killed or rendered harmless. This occurs during the development and maturation of T and B cells in the primary lymphoid organs.

    <p>central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T-cell development and maturation: T cells are created within the bone marrow and exported via the blood to the thymus for their final development and maturation. Thymic maturation is a very wasteful process, as some 99% of immature T cells that enter the thymus do not leave, but instead die by apoptosis. The first change to an early ______ immigrant is that the immature T cells forms and expresses a TCR.

    <p>thymic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Self-tolerance (______ tolerance). It is the ability of the immune system to tolerate the self-antigens that comprise the tissues of the body. In order to achieve self-tolerance, potentially autoreactive T and B lymphocytes must be brought under control. The mechanisms of self-tolerance can be broadly classified into two groups: central and peripheral tolerance.

    <p>immunological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immature ______ B cells undergo a similar negative selection process, leading to deletion by apoptosis if self-reactive or further gene rearrangement if not.

    <p>bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ secrete immunosuppressive cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β, inhibiting lymphocyte activation and effector functions.

    <p>Regulatory T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central tolerance in the thymus and bone marrow is ______, allowing self-reactive lymphocytes bearing receptors for non-present autoantigens to escape into the periphery.

    <p>imperfect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in ______ and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.

    <p>dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, diet, and ______, with a reduction in cell-mediated immune function.

    <p>immunosenescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental factors such as UV irradiation, chemicals, infectious agents, and triggers like ______ can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals.

    <p>trimethoprim-sulphonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Factors leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity include inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury, and environmental factors like UV light and ______.

    <p>drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of central tolerance mechanisms in the thymus and bone marrow?

    <p>Immature self-reactive T and B lymphocyte clones are killed or rendered harmless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of immature T cells in the thymus during positive selection?

    <p>To form and express a TCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome for immature bone marrow B cells undergoing negative selection if they are self-reactive?

    <p>Deletion by apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is strongly linked to autoimmunity in specific dog breeds?

    <p>Genetic susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of self-tolerance mechanisms?

    <p>Central and peripheral tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye?

    <p>Inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does positive selection of immature T cells occur?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells undergo negative selection in the thymic medulla?

    <p>Immature T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T cells in peripheral tolerance mechanisms?

    <p>Suppress immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of negative selection for immature bone marrow B cells?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of immature bone marrow B cells in central tolerance?

    <p>Presenting antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism prevents immune reactions against self-antigens in the periphery?

    <p>Antigen sequestration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye?

    <p>Inducing inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals?

    <p>UV irradiation and chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of autoimmune diseases involving molecular mimicry?

    <p>Inadvertent extension of the immune response to self-tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence on the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in animals?

    <p>Genetic background and predisposing factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How may infectious agents trigger autoimmune responses in animals?

    <p>Altering tissue antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential factor leading to the development of autoimmunity in animals?

    <p>Tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to be strongly linked to autoimmunity in specific dog breeds?

    <p>Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty in animals?

    <p>Potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases in Veterinary Medicine

    • Autoimmunity may occur due to the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty, long after T cell system development, leading to potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity.
    • The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.
    • Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in dogs and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.
    • Autoimmunity is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic background, predisposing factors, and environmental triggers.
    • Specific dog breeds are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, often occurring within pedigree lines, with genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) strongly linked to autoimmunity.
    • The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, diet, and immunosenescence, with a reduction in cell-mediated immune function.
    • Environmental factors such as UV irradiation, chemicals, infectious agents, and triggers like trimethoprim-sulphonamides can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals.
    • Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.
    • Autoimmune diseases may involve circulating immune complex deposition, molecular mimicry, and inadvertent extension of the immune response to self-tissue due to inflammatory responses.
    • Factors leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity include inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury, and environmental factors like UV light and drugs.

    Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases in Veterinary Medicine

    • Autoimmunity may occur due to the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty, long after T cell system development, leading to potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity.
    • The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.
    • Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in dogs and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.
    • Autoimmunity is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic background, predisposing factors, and environmental triggers.
    • Specific dog breeds are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, often occurring within pedigree lines, with genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) strongly linked to autoimmunity.
    • The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, diet, and immunosenescence, with a reduction in cell-mediated immune function.
    • Environmental factors such as UV irradiation, chemicals, infectious agents, and triggers like trimethoprim-sulphonamides can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals.
    • Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.
    • Autoimmune diseases may involve circulating immune complex deposition, molecular mimicry, and inadvertent extension of the immune response to self-tissue due to inflammatory responses.
    • Factors leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity include inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury, and environmental factors like UV light and drugs.

    Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases in Veterinary Medicine

    • Autoimmunity may occur due to the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty, long after T cell system development, leading to potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity.
    • The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.
    • Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in dogs and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.
    • Autoimmunity is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic background, predisposing factors, and environmental triggers.
    • Specific dog breeds are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, often occurring within pedigree lines, with genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) strongly linked to autoimmunity.
    • The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, diet, and immunosenescence, with a reduction in cell-mediated immune function.
    • Environmental factors such as UV irradiation, chemicals, infectious agents, and triggers like trimethoprim-sulphonamides can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals.
    • Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.
    • Autoimmune diseases may involve circulating immune complex deposition, molecular mimicry, and inadvertent extension of the immune response to self-tissue due to inflammatory responses.
    • Factors leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity include inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury, and environmental factors like UV light and drugs.

    Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases in Veterinary Medicine

    • Autoimmunity may occur due to the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty, long after T cell system development, leading to potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity.
    • The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.
    • Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in dogs and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.
    • Autoimmunity is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic background, predisposing factors, and environmental triggers.
    • Specific dog breeds are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, often occurring within pedigree lines, with genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) strongly linked to autoimmunity.
    • The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, diet, and immunosenescence, with a reduction in cell-mediated immune function.
    • Environmental factors such as UV irradiation, chemicals, infectious agents, and triggers like trimethoprim-sulphonamides can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals.
    • Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.
    • Autoimmune diseases may involve circulating immune complex deposition, molecular mimicry, and inadvertent extension of the immune response to self-tissue due to inflammatory responses.
    • Factors leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity include inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury, and environmental factors like UV light and drugs.

    Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases in Veterinary Medicine

    • Autoimmunity may occur due to the appearance of new antigens in the testes at puberty, long after T cell system development, leading to potential injury and subsequent autoimmunity.
    • The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) in the eye is thought to be a result of inhibitory cytokines produced by iris and ciliary body cells.
    • Autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine are most prevalent in dogs and include conditions such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, and others.
    • Autoimmunity is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic background, predisposing factors, and environmental triggers.
    • Specific dog breeds are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, often occurring within pedigree lines, with genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) strongly linked to autoimmunity.
    • The occurrence of autoimmune diseases is influenced by factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, diet, and immunosenescence, with a reduction in cell-mediated immune function.
    • Environmental factors such as UV irradiation, chemicals, infectious agents, and triggers like trimethoprim-sulphonamides can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals.
    • Infectious agents may trigger autoimmune responses by upregulating costimulators on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), modifying antigenic structure, or inducing bystander effects.
    • Autoimmune diseases may involve circulating immune complex deposition, molecular mimicry, and inadvertent extension of the immune response to self-tissue due to inflammatory responses.
    • Factors leading to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity include inheritance of susceptibility genes, infections altering tissue antigens, reduced Treg cell function, tissue injury, and environmental factors like UV light and drugs.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    autoimmunity notes (2).pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases in veterinary medicine with this quiz. Explore topics such as genetic influences, environmental triggers, specific dog breeds, and factors contributing to the development of autoimmune conditions in animals.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Autoimmunity and Disease Association
    12 questions

    Autoimmunity and Disease Association

    CureAllMolybdenum avatar
    CureAllMolybdenum
    Autoimmunity
    25 questions

    Autoimmunity

    AS avatar
    AS
    Autoimmunity in Haematology
    5 questions

    Autoimmunity in Haematology

    SelfSufficientCalcium avatar
    SelfSufficientCalcium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser