Lymphatic system Dr. D
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Questions and Answers

Why is it important to include lymph nodes in the examinations of small animals?

  • To examine the size and shape of the lymphatic capillaries
  • To assess the flexibility of the endothelial cells
  • To detect abnormal swelling indicating an underlying issue (correct)
  • To monitor the blood circulation in the lymphatic vessels

    • What happens when a lymph node swells due to an infection?

  • It causes an increase in the number of endothelial cells
  • It works to filter out harmful cells in response to the infection (correct)
  • It suggests an imbalance in the interstitial fluid composition
  • It indicates a malfunction in the circulatory system

    • How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

  • Lymphatic capillaries transport oxygen-rich blood
  • Blood capillaries filter out impurities from the blood
  • Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries (correct)
  • Blood capillaries carry lymph instead of blood

    • In what situations might lymph nodes enlarge beyond their normal size?

    <p>In response to infections, cancer, or immune-mediated diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can enlarged lymph nodes assist in diagnosing a patient's health condition?

    <p>By providing clues alongside other symptoms like fever and ear pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymph vessels?

    <p>Draw up the lymph fluid from around the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if lymph fluid is not drained by the lymph vessels?

    <p>It causes swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is lymph different from blood plasma?

    <p>Lymph has fewer proteins compared to blood plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Act as filters for harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lymphatic capillaries connected to the cardiovascular system?

    <p>They are intertwined with arterioles and venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure is compared to a 'pearl chain' by anatomists?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of lymphatic tissue described in the text?

    <p>Diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, and lymphatic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spleen?

    <p>To store, release, and concentrate erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between lymphatic nodules and lymphatic organs described in the text?

    <p>Lymphatic nodules have a capsule, while lymphatic organs do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) described in the text?

    <p>To regulate mucosal immunity in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between hemal nodes and lymph nodes described in the text?

    <p>Hemal nodes have afferent and efferent lymphatics, while lymph nodes do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of MALT lymphoma described in the text?

    <p>It is a specific type of lymphoma linked to Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the principal ways for the spread of cancer in dogs?

    <p>Examination of the palpable lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes is NOT listed as palpable lymph nodes in dogs?

    <p>Mesenteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes is considered inconstant in dogs?

    <p>Accessory axillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes is listed as being specific to the sex of the dog?

    <p>Superficial inguinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, can veterinarians palpate all lymph nodes in dogs?

    <p>The text does not provide enough information to determine if all lymph nodes can be palpated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of mandibular lymph nodes in canines?

    <p>2-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle does the parotidian lymph node cover partially?

    <p>Masseter muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many groups of retropharyngeal lymph nodes are present in canines based on their topography?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the superficial cervical (prescapular) lymph center located in canines?

    <p>Cranial to the supraspinous muscle and shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes is almost always absent in the axillary lymph center of canines?

    <p>Accessory axillary lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node located in relation to the atlas in canines?

    <p>Ventral and medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might lymph nodes swell or enlarge in small animals when there is a problem such as infection, injury, or cancer?

    <p>As a reaction to the presence of 'bad' cells that need filtering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lymphadenopathy typically indicate in small animals?

    <p>That there is an underlying health issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can veterinarians use the enlargement of lymph nodes to assist in diagnosing health conditions in small animals?

    <p>To narrow down potential underlying issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional symptoms can help pinpoint the underlying problem when small animals have swollen lymph nodes?

    <p>Ear pain and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do swollen lymph nodes in small animals indicate that something is not right?

    <p>By filtering out 'bad' cells from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can veterinarians palpate the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in dogs?

    <p>No, they are not normally palpable in dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located in dogs?

    <p>In the hind legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph node is described as 'inconstant' in dogs?

    <p>Accessory axillary lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for the superficial cervical lymph nodes in canines?

    <p>Prescapular lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph node is unique to the female gender of dogs?

    <p>Mammary lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the mandibular lymph nodes situated in canines?

    <p>Between the masseter muscle and mandibular salivary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of the parotidian lymph node in canines?

    <p>Partially covers the caudal margin of the masseter muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymph node is described as almost always absent in the axillary lymph center of canines?

    <p>Accessory axillary lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what location is the superficial cervical (prescapular) lymph center found in canines?

    <p>Cranial to the supraspinous muscle and shoulder, approachable through regional skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes located in relation to the atlas in canines?

    <p>Ventral and medial in relation with the wing of the atlas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of lymph nodes is comprised of two groups, medial and lateral, in canines?

    <p>Retropharyngeal lymph center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the ilio-femoral lymph node located in canines?

    <p>At the termination of the external iliac artery close to the femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size range of the superficial popliteal lymph node in canines?

    <p>1-4 centimeters long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph node centers is described as 'very reduced in size and inconstant' in canines?

    <p>Ilio-femoral lymph center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the mammary lymph nodes located in female canines?

    <p>Embedded in fat tissue on the dorsolateral margin of the last mammary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the superficial popliteal lymph node located in canines?

    <p>On the caudal surface of the gastrocnemius muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymph nodes is described as being 'embedded in fat tissue' in canines?

    <p>Scrotal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymph vessels?

    <p>To drain excess interstitial fluid and transport it back to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lymph nodes contribute to the immune system?

    <p>They contain immune cells that can attack and destroy harmful pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the lymph fluid was not effectively drained by the lymph vessels?

    <p>It would cause a buildup of fluid, leading to swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the composition of lymph fluid different from blood plasma?

    <p>Lymph fluid has a lower protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of lymphatic capillaries?

    <p>Both A and B are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical comparison used to describe the arrangement of lymph nodes?

    <p>A pearl chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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