Lymphatic system Dr. D
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Questions and Answers

Why is it important to include lymph nodes in the examinations of small animals?

  • To examine the size and shape of the lymphatic capillaries
  • To assess the flexibility of the endothelial cells
  • To detect abnormal swelling indicating an underlying issue (correct)
  • To monitor the blood circulation in the lymphatic vessels

What happens when a lymph node swells due to an infection?

  • It causes an increase in the number of endothelial cells
  • It works to filter out harmful cells in response to the infection (correct)
  • It suggests an imbalance in the interstitial fluid composition
  • It indicates a malfunction in the circulatory system

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

  • Lymphatic capillaries transport oxygen-rich blood
  • Blood capillaries filter out impurities from the blood
  • Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries (correct)
  • Blood capillaries carry lymph instead of blood

In what situations might lymph nodes enlarge beyond their normal size?

<p>In response to infections, cancer, or immune-mediated diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can enlarged lymph nodes assist in diagnosing a patient's health condition?

<p>By providing clues alongside other symptoms like fever and ear pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lymph vessels?

<p>Draw up the lymph fluid from around the cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if lymph fluid is not drained by the lymph vessels?

<p>It causes swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is lymph different from blood plasma?

<p>Lymph has fewer proteins compared to blood plasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph nodes?

<p>Act as filters for harmful substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are lymphatic capillaries connected to the cardiovascular system?

<p>They are intertwined with arterioles and venules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is compared to a 'pearl chain' by anatomists?

<p>Lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of lymphatic tissue described in the text?

<p>Diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, and lymphatic organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the spleen?

<p>To store, release, and concentrate erythrocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between lymphatic nodules and lymphatic organs described in the text?

<p>Lymphatic nodules have a capsule, while lymphatic organs do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) described in the text?

<p>To regulate mucosal immunity in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between hemal nodes and lymph nodes described in the text?

<p>Hemal nodes have afferent and efferent lymphatics, while lymph nodes do not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of MALT lymphoma described in the text?

<p>It is a specific type of lymphoma linked to Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the principal ways for the spread of cancer in dogs?

<p>Examination of the palpable lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph nodes is NOT listed as palpable lymph nodes in dogs?

<p>Mesenteric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph nodes is considered inconstant in dogs?

<p>Accessory axillary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph nodes is listed as being specific to the sex of the dog?

<p>Superficial inguinal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, can veterinarians palpate all lymph nodes in dogs?

<p>The text does not provide enough information to determine if all lymph nodes can be palpated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of mandibular lymph nodes in canines?

<p>2-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the parotidian lymph node cover partially?

<p>Masseter muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many groups of retropharyngeal lymph nodes are present in canines based on their topography?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the superficial cervical (prescapular) lymph center located in canines?

<p>Cranial to the supraspinous muscle and shoulder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph nodes is almost always absent in the axillary lymph center of canines?

<p>Accessory axillary lymph node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node located in relation to the atlas in canines?

<p>Ventral and medial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might lymph nodes swell or enlarge in small animals when there is a problem such as infection, injury, or cancer?

<p>As a reaction to the presence of 'bad' cells that need filtering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lymphadenopathy typically indicate in small animals?

<p>That there is an underlying health issue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can veterinarians use the enlargement of lymph nodes to assist in diagnosing health conditions in small animals?

<p>To narrow down potential underlying issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional symptoms can help pinpoint the underlying problem when small animals have swollen lymph nodes?

<p>Ear pain and fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do swollen lymph nodes in small animals indicate that something is not right?

<p>By filtering out 'bad' cells from the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can veterinarians palpate the superficial inguinal lymph nodes in dogs?

<p>No, they are not normally palpable in dogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located in dogs?

<p>In the hind legs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph node is described as 'inconstant' in dogs?

<p>Accessory axillary lymph node (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for the superficial cervical lymph nodes in canines?

<p>Prescapular lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph node is unique to the female gender of dogs?

<p>Mammary lymph node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the mandibular lymph nodes situated in canines?

<p>Between the masseter muscle and mandibular salivary gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of the parotidian lymph node in canines?

<p>Partially covers the caudal margin of the masseter muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph node is described as almost always absent in the axillary lymph center of canines?

<p>Accessory axillary lymph node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what location is the superficial cervical (prescapular) lymph center found in canines?

<p>Cranial to the supraspinous muscle and shoulder, approachable through regional skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes located in relation to the atlas in canines?

<p>Ventral and medial in relation with the wing of the atlas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of lymph nodes is comprised of two groups, medial and lateral, in canines?

<p>Retropharyngeal lymph center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the ilio-femoral lymph node located in canines?

<p>At the termination of the external iliac artery close to the femoral artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of the superficial popliteal lymph node in canines?

<p>1-4 centimeters long (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph node centers is described as 'very reduced in size and inconstant' in canines?

<p>Ilio-femoral lymph center (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the mammary lymph nodes located in female canines?

<p>Embedded in fat tissue on the dorsolateral margin of the last mammary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the superficial popliteal lymph node located in canines?

<p>On the caudal surface of the gastrocnemius muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lymph nodes is described as being 'embedded in fat tissue' in canines?

<p>Scrotal lymph nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymph vessels?

<p>To drain excess interstitial fluid and transport it back to the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lymph nodes contribute to the immune system?

<p>They contain immune cells that can attack and destroy harmful pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the lymph fluid was not effectively drained by the lymph vessels?

<p>It would cause a buildup of fluid, leading to swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the composition of lymph fluid different from blood plasma?

<p>Lymph fluid has a lower protein content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of lymphatic capillaries?

<p>Both A and B are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical comparison used to describe the arrangement of lymph nodes?

<p>A pearl chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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