32 Questions
What is a dyad in the context of leadership?
The individualized relationship between a leader and each follower in a work unit
How does dyadic theory approach leadership?
As an exchange relationship developing over time during role-making activities
What characterizes the in-group in the context of leadership?
High mutual trust, respect, loyalty, and influence
What characterizes the out-group in the context of leadership?
Strictly task-centered relationship characterized by low exchange and top-down influence
What is leader-member exchange (LMX)?
The quality of the exchange relationship between a leader and a follower
What is organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)?
Discretionary individual behavior that promotes effective functioning of the organization
What is impression management in the context of leadership?
A follower’s effort to project a favorable image for immediate benefit or long-term relationship improvement
What is self-efficacy?
A person’s belief in their capabilities to produce at a certain level of performance
What does social capital refer to in the context of leadership?
The set of resources in the structure of relations between group members that helps them get ahead
What is locus of control?
A belief over who has control of a person’s destiny
What is the role of a conformist follower?
To be the 'yes people'
What characterizes an effective follower?
They have the courage to take risks for the organization
What is the advantage of a pragmatic follower?
They know how to 'work the system' to get things done
What is one factor that can enhance follower influence?
Power position
5
Internal locus of control – masters of their own destiny.
6
Leaders are still considered followers by those higher up in the organization.
7
Delegation considers task, time requirement, and follower characteristics.
8
Effective followers combine two roles: to execute decisions made by a leader or to raise issues about those decisions when they are deemed misguided or unethical.
9
It is common for leaders to switch from being a leader to being a follower several times a day.
10
Delegation should occur when tasks match follower skill levels and experience.
What was Vertical Dyadic Linkage (VDL) theory renamed to in the 1980s?
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory
What types of power do in-group leaders use, according to LMX theory?
Expert, referent, and reward power
What do LMX relationships emphasize?
Reciprocity
According to LMX theory, what varies based on the quality of the interpersonal relationship with each individual?
A leader's behavior
Who influences the exchange relationship in LMX theory?
Both the leader and the follower
When do LMX relationships develop according to the text?
When leaders transition from economic-based exchange to socially based exchange.
What fosters positive LMX relationships between leaders and followers and among followers?
Positive work climate
What do proactive followers do according to the text?
Seek feedback, show initiative, possess commitment, responsibility, and the right attitude.
What influences follower behavior in LMX relationships according to the text?
Impressions-driven and performance-driven motives
What do high-quality LMX relationships result in according to the text?
More organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and higher performance ratings for employees.
What do LMX relationships involve according to the text?
Reciprocal exchanges, and leaders can support follower careers.
What are some criticisms of LMX theory mentioned in the text?
LMX theory oversimplifies leader-follower relationships.
Study Notes
Vertical Dyadic Linkage (VDL) and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
- VDL theory was renamed the leader-member exchange theory (LMX) in the 1980s.
- In-groups and out-groups: in-group leaders use expert, referent, and reward power, while out-group leaders use position power.
- LMX relationships are based on social exchanges, emphasizing reciprocity.
- According to LMX theory, a leader's behavior varies based on the quality of the interpersonal relationship with each individual.
- Both the leader and the follower influence the exchange relationship in LMX theory.
- LMX relationships develop when leaders transition from economic-based exchange to socially based exchange.
- A positive work climate fosters positive LMX relationships between leaders and followers and among followers.
- Proactive followers seek feedback, show initiative, possess commitment, responsibility, and the right attitude.
- Impressions-driven and performance-driven motives influence follower behavior in LMX relationships.
- High-quality LMX relationships result in more organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and higher performance ratings for employees.
- LMX relationships involve reciprocal exchanges, and leaders can support follower careers.
- Criticisms of LMX theory include the LMX-7 questionnaire's single perspective, attribution bias, and questions about its predictive power.
Test your knowledge of the Vertical Dyadic Linkage (VDL) theory, which focuses on how the relationship between a leader and follower can affect leadership. Learn about its evolution into the leader-member exchange theory (LMX) in the 1980s.
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