Vertebrate Animals and Endoskeleton
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the vertebral column in vertebrates?

  • To provide support and protection for the spinal cord (correct)
  • To protect the brain
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To facilitate movement and locomotion

    • What is the main advantage of having bones over cartilage in vertebrates?

  • Bones allow for more efficient respiration
  • Bones provide better protection for organs (correct)
  • Bones are more flexible than cartilage
  • Bones are stronger than cartilage

    • What is the primary function of gills in fish?

  • To absorb oxygen from water (correct)
  • To maintain buoyancy
  • To filter out food particles
  • To regulate water pressure

    • Which of the following senses is unique to sharks?

    <p>Sense of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organ that allows fish to maintain buoyancy?

    <p>Swim bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do sharks have a swim bladder?

    <p>No, sharks do not have a swim bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vertebrates

    • Vertebrate means an animal has a backbone.
    • The vertebral column first evolved in fish and is the core of the endoskeleton (internal skeleton), housing and protecting the spinal cord.

    Vertebral Column

    • In many species, shock-absorbing discs cushion vertebrae.
    • The endoskeleton is made up of cartilage or bone.
    • Cartilage is a tough tissue that contains a protein called collagen.
    • Bone is a hard tissue that consists of a collagen matrix with calcium.
    • Bone is less flexible, but cartilage is stronger.

    Fish

    • Fish are aquatic vertebrates.
    • They make up more than half of all vertebrate species.
    • Scales protect fish from predators and parasites.

    Adaptations for Water

    • Gills allow water to enter the mouth, pass over the gills, and exit through an opening, absorbing oxygen.
    • Fins are used for swimming.
    • A system of muscles is used for movement.
    • Swim-bladder is a balloon-like organ that contains gas, allowing fish to float and have buoyancy.

    Fish Organ Systems

    • Fish have a circulatory system with a two-chambered heart.
    • They have a digestive system with several organs and glands.
    • They have a central nervous system with a brain and sensory organs.

    Shark Specifics

    • Sharks can sense low levels of electricity emitted by their prey.
    • Sharks do not have a swim-bladder.
    • Sharks do not have bones, only cartilage.
    • Sharks have a two-chambered heart.
    • Male sharks have claspers on the outside of the body for sperm production.
    • Sharks have lots of oil in the body, which is lighter than water, helping them float.

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    Description

    Learn about vertebrate animals, the evolution of vertebral columns, and the structure of the endoskeleton, including the difference between cartilage and bone.

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