Skeletal System Introduction - NSCI5720 Vertebrate Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system in terms of support?

To facilitate blood cell formation
To provide a framework for muscle attachment
To store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
To provide a strong frame that supports the body and gives it shape (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Support for soft tissue
Blood cell formation
Protection of vital organs
Digestion of nutrients (correct)

What is the primary function of bones in terms of movement?

To store minerals
To act as a site for muscle attachment
To act as levers for muscles (correct)
To protect vital organs

What is the function of the bone marrow in some bones?

To produce blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of bone cell?

Osteoblast (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bones in terms of protection?

To protect delicate vital organs and tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the skeletal system in terms of storage?

To store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system in terms of blood cell formation?

To produce all types of blood cells in the bone marrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

To eat away at bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which the matrix hardens?

Ossification (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is heavy and dense?

Compact bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bony spicules found in cancellous bone?

Trabeculae (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of canaliculi?

To provide a blood supply to osteocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is found at the ends of long bones?

Cancellous bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which osteoblasts get trapped in the bone matrix?

Lacunae formation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoblasts?

To form the matrix of bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of compact bone?

To provide strength and protection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Haversian systems?

They are composed of compacted cylinders of bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of canaliculi in compact bone?

To facilitate communication between osteocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by its light weight and storage of bone marrow?

Cancellous bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the central canal that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves in compact bone?

Haversian canal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the layers of bone in a Haversian system?

Circular (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periosteum?

To contain blood vessels and nerves that supply bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteocytes in compact bone?

To exchange nutrients and wastes with other osteocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bones that are shaped like cubes or marshmallows?

Short bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bones is characterized by being lighter and hollow?

Bird bones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

To eat away at bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endosteum?

To contain cells involved in bone growth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone cells are trapped in the bony matrix called lacunae?

Osteocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epiphyseal plates?

To act as sites of bone growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of marrow is primarily responsible for blood cell production?

Red marrow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphysis?

To provide structural support to the bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

To break down and reabsorb bone tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by a network of bony spicules called trabeculae?

Cancellous bone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiphyseal plates in long bones?

To facilitate bone growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

To facilitate bone growth and repair (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the red marrow in long bones?

To produce blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is found in the shaft of long bones and the outside layer of all bones?

Cortical bone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endosteum in long bones?

To line the hollow interior of bones (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?

To form the matrix of bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

The Skeletal System

The skeletal system is a framework of bones that support and protect the soft tissues of the body.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support: provides a strong frame that supports the body and gives it shape.
Protection: protects delicate vital organs and tissues by surrounding them partially or completely (e.g., skull protects brain, ribs protect heart).
Movement (leverage): bones act as levers for muscles, allowing muscles to move joints.
Blood cell formation: occurs in the bone marrow of some bones.
Storage of minerals: bones act as a mineral bank, storing calcium and phosphorus.

Bone Cells

Osteoblasts: cells that form the matrix of bone through a process called ossification.
Osteocytes: mature osteoblasts trapped in the bony matrix called lacunae, can revert back to osteoblasts if needed.
Osteoclasts: cells that break down and reabsorb bone tissue, used to remodel bone that is not needed.

Bone Structure

Two main types of bone:
- Cancellous (Spongy) Bone: light, spongey, and strong, found in the ends of long bones and surrounding the medullary cavity.
- Cortical (Compact) Bone: heavy, dense, and strong, makes up the shaft of long bones and the outer layer of all bones.

Long Bones

Consist of:
- Epiphysis: contains red marrow and epiphyseal plates, site of bone growth.
- Diaphysis: main section of long bone, weight-bearing.
- Epiphyseal Plates: sites of bone growth, weak and prone to fracture in young animals.
- Medullary cavities: contain red and yellow marrow.
- Red Marrow: site of blood cell production.
- Yellow Marrow: site of fat storage.

Bone Membranes

Periosteum: membrane covering the outer surfaces of bones (except articular/joint surfaces), contains blood vessels, nerves, and cells for bone growth, remodeling, and repair.
Endosteum: membrane lining the hollow interior surface of bones, contains cells involved in bone growth, remodeling, and repair.

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