31 Questions
The passive segment in the vertical plane is formed by the intervertebral disc.
False
The mobile segment consists of the intervertebral foramen and the costal joints.
False
The pedicles form the functional link between the anterior and posterior pillars.
True
Each vertebra has a trabecular structure involving the body and the transverse process.
False
The articular process acts as the fulcrum in a third-class lever system in the vertebral motion segment.
False
Axial compression forces acting on the column are cushioned directly and passively by paravertebral muscles.
False
Available movements at the interbody joints include gliding, distraction, and tilt, but not rotation.
False
The vertebral column has 6 degrees of freedom.
False
The stiffness of the vertebral column refers to its ability to resist deformation under load.
True
Axial compression on the vertebral column is only caused by the force of gravity.
False
Fluid expression from the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus happens under sustained tensile loading.
False
Gravity does not play a role in causing axial compression on the vertebral column.
False
The vertebral column's ability to resist loads is independent of the person's age and posture.
False
The vertebral disk imbibes fluid back from the vertebral body when compressive forces are increased.
False
Bending Compression Bending only causes compression on the structures of the spine.
False
In forward flexion, the anterior structures of the spine are only subjected to compression.
False
Tensile forces from collagen fibers in the posterior outer anulus fibrosus help limit motion in flexion.
True
In extension, the anterior structures of the spine are subjected to compression.
False
The resistance to extension in the spine is provided by passive tension in the posterior longitudinal ligament.
False
During lateral bending, the ipsilateral side of the disk is stretched.
False
Mechanical changes in the disk with creep loading only affect the neural arch.
False
In the presence of prolonged compressive forces, the load shifts from the annulus fibrosus to the nucleus pulposus.
False
Buckling or prolapse of the anulus fibrosus can be caused by decreased load on the annulus fibrosus.
False
Creep-induced elongation of supporting structures can enhance stability.
False
Torsional forces are generated during axial rotation.
True
The thoracolumbar junction has the lowest torsional stiffness in the vertebral column.
False
Torsional stiffness is primarily provided by the inner layers of vertebral bodies.
False
In torsion, all annulus fibrosus fibers resist clockwise rotations.
False
The lumbar region is least effective in resisting torsion.
False
Combining torsion with heavy axial compression and bending decreases the risk of disk fiber rupture.
False
Torsional forces do not contribute to the risk of injury to vertebral structures.
False
Test your knowledge on the bony and ligamentous structures that contribute to the mobility of the vertebral spine. Explore the components of the passive and mobile segments, including the intervertebral disc, intervertebral foramen, facet joints, ligamentum flavum, and interspinous ligaments.
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