31 Questions
Bending Compression Bending causes only tension on the structures of the spine.
False
In forward flexion, the anterior structures are only subjected to compression.
False
Tensile forces in the posterior structures help to promote extreme motion in flexion.
False
In extension, the anterior structures are unloaded and the posterior structures are subjected to tension.
False
Lateral bending causes compression in both sides of the disk.
False
Mechanical changes in the disk with creep loading do not result in large compressive and bending forces on the neural arch and ligaments.
False
Prolonged forces do not subject the apophyseal joints to large compressive and bending forces.
False
The passive segment of the mobile segment in the vertebral spine is formed by the vertebra itself.
True
The intervertebral disc is not part of the mobile segment in the vertebral spine.
False
The ligamentum flavum is found in the passive segment of the mobile segment in the vertebral spine.
False
The functional link between the anterior and posterior pillars of the vertebra is formed by the spinous processes.
False
Each vertebra in the motion segment has a trabecular structure involving the body and the arch forming a second-class lever.
False
The axial compression forces acting on the vertebral column are cushioned both directly and passively by the paravertebral muscles.
False
Available movements at the interbody joints of the vertebral spine do not include rotation.
False
The shift in load from the nucleus pulposus to the annulus fibrosus due to prolonged compressive forces mainly affects the anterior aspects.
False
Buckling or prolapse of the anulus fibrosus can be caused by decreased load due to prolonged compressive forces.
False
Creep-induced elongation of supporting structures leads to increased stability in vertebral structures.
False
The thoracolumbar junction has the lowest torsional stiffness among all vertebral regions.
False
Torsional stiffness is primarily provided by the inner layers of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks.
False
In torsion, all annulus fibrosus fibers resist rotation in a clockwise direction.
False
The lumbar region is not effective in resisting torsion compared to other regions of the spine.
False
Combining torsion with heavy axial compression and bending does not increase the risk of disk fiber rupture.
False
Torsional forces are not part of coupled motions during axial rotation.
False
Torsional stiffness is not affected by the orientation of the facets.
False
The stiffness of the vertebral column is related to its ability to resist applied load
True
The vertebral column is only subjected to bending during normal functional activities
False
Axial compression on the vertebral column occurs due to muscular contractions only
False
Fluid is expressed from the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus under compressive loading
True
The fluid expressed from the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus is absorbed through large openings in the cartilaginous end plate
False
A person is taller in the evening compared to morning due to compressive forces on the vertebral column
False
The ability of the vertebral column to resist loads is independent of a person's age and posture
False
Test your knowledge on the bony and ligamentous structures that create the mobile segments of the vertebral spine, including the intervertebral disc, intervertebral foramen, facet joints, and ligaments. Learn about the passive and active segments that contribute to spinal movements.
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