Questions and Answers
What is the consequence of the rupture of the artery of cerebral hemorrhage?
Motor fibers damage
Which region does the posterior cerebral artery supply that contributes to visual function?
Occipital lobe
What is spared in cases of posterior cerebral artery occlusion due to strong anastomoses with the middle cerebral artery?
Macular region
Which structure is supplied by the posterior choroidal artery, a branch of the posterior cerebral artery?
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In lateral medullary syndrome, what symptom is commonly associated with vertebral artery occlusion?
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Which veins drain the cortical surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere?
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What is the name of the arterial anastomotic circle between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems?
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Which artery supplies blood to the lateral medulla, leading to lateral medullary syndrome?
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Where does the anterior cerebral artery end by anastomosing with another artery?
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Which artery supplies blood to internal structures of the cerebellum?
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Which vein drains blood from the cerebral hemispheres?
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Which branch of the basilar artery is responsible for supplying blood to the inner ear structures?
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Where do the two arterial systems, Carotid system and Vertebro-basilar system, anastomose?
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Which part of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) emerges through the roof of the cavernous sinus?
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Which artery divides into the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) and Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) opposite the anterior perforated substance?
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Where does the Vertebral Artery originate from?
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Which structure serves as an anastomotic channel for blood supply in the brain?
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In lateral medullary syndrome, which area of the brain is primarily affected?
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Study Notes
Vertebral Artery
- Ends at lower border of pons by joining the other vertebral artery to form basilar artery
- 9 branches in 4th part:
- Anterior spinal artery (single spinal artery)
- Posterior spinal arteries
- PICA (lateral medullary syndrome)
- Medullary branches
- Meningeal branches
Basilar Artery
- Begins by union of right and left vertebral arteries at lower border of pons
- Ends by giving its two terminal branches: right and left posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) at the upper border of pons
- Branches:
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
- Pontine branches
- Labyrinthine artery
- Superior cerebellar artery
- Two cerebellar arteries
Circle of Willis
- Definition: A large arterial anastomotic circle between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
- Site: At the base of the brain in the interpeduncular cistern
- Importance: Cerebral aneurysms usually occur on the Circle of Willis
Cerebral Arteries
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
- Ends near the Parieto-occipital Sulcus (P.O.S.) by anastomosing with the posterior cerebral artery
- Distribution:
- Medial surface (all except occipital lobe supplied by PCA)
- 1-2 cm of superolateral surface of frontal and parietal lobes
- One large branch: artery of cerebral haemorrhage, which frequently ruptures causing haemorrhage and hemiplegia
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
- Origin: Terminal branch of basilar artery
- Course: Receives the posterior communicating artery and turns around the cerebral peduncle to reach the tentorial surface of the brain
- Distribution:
- Lateral surface (occipital lobe + strip along lower border of hemisphere)
- Medial surface (occipital lobe)
- Inferior surface (tentorial part except temporal pole)
- Applied anatomy:
- Supplies visual areas of the contralateral ½ of both visual fields
- Its occlusion leads to homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
- Supplies 5 important regions: visual cortex, centre of smell, thalamus, midbrain, and choroid plexuses
Venous Drainage of the Brain
- Superficial (external) veins: Drain the cortical surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere
- Deep (internal) veins: Drain the interior of the cerebral hemisphere
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