Verbal Communication

• The lecture explores verbal and nonverbal communication channels and how well ideas are communicated impacts success.
• Words convey ideas, and effective communication is crucial for success.

Verbal Messages

• Crucial to consider how to ensure clarity and avoid ambiguity
• Be mindful of inflammatory language
• Reflect on the differences in male and female language usage.
• Unequivocal terms are clear terms to avoid misunderstandings arising from unclear meanings, while equivocal terms should be avoided.
• Misunderstandings can arise when people from different fields use the same term differently.
• Cultural values can cause miscommunication.
• Before agreeing to meet, stating the date ensures both parties think of the same week.
• When the supervisor says ideas are OK, confirming their quality clarifies expectations.
• Objects and ideas can be described at general and specific levels.
• Lower-level abstractions are specific statements that refer directly to observable objects or events, using precise language.
• High-level abstractions cover a broader range of possible objects or events with less detail, which can lead to interpretations.
• Overly abstract language, such as "all, every, each, always any, none, never, no one, nothing, nobody," is a common type
• Use numeric words rather than relative words to avoid miscommunication.
• Slang in professional settings causes problems with bosses, clients, or colleagues.
• Jargon speeds up information exchange and helps to appear competent.
• Jargon can be valuable for outsiders and can help to impress.
• Jargon-free speech is important when dealing with people unfamiliar with the English language or culture.
• Vague or indirect language can be a sign of deception.
• Ambiguous language is useful when trying to promote harmony and soften the blow of difficult messages.

Inflammatory Language

• Language can stir intense emotions, motivating, inspiring, or amusing.
• Language can generate feelings of antagonism, defensiveness, and prejudice.
• Problems arise when speakers intentionally or unintentionally use biased language.
• When faced with biased language, tactfully restate the term in language that does not contain an evaluation.
• Use more agreeable terms when someone utters trigger words, and be aware of some words that can cause a negative reaction in others.

Language and Identity Management

• The way one speaks can shape how others see them.
• Powerful language is clear, concise, and confident in its delivery
• Powerful language strengthens credibility and influences perception
• Speakers using more powerful language are seen as more competent, dynamic, and attractive than those that sound powerless
• Positive language can also be used to enhance a professional identity.
• Constant practice can help eliminate disfluencies

Feminine and Masculine Language Use

• Conversations between men and women are like cross-cultural communication, with "genderlects"
• Genderlects refer to conversation approached based on gender
• Gender isn't the only thing that influences how people talk. There's also culture, where someone is from, and what they do for work.
• Feminine speech builds rapport, is expressive, supportive and is tentative in nature.
• Masculine speech is the opposite; it reports, is instrumental, offers advice, is assertive, certain, direct, and authoritative.
• Male supervisors who focus on content over relational dimensions may be perceived as uncaring or bothered

How to Meet Gender-Related Language Challenges

• Being aware of different styles helps people understand how to adapt to different situations where there is a clash of masculine and feminine language styles
• Switching styles (switching between content and relational messages) is also helpful
• Combine styles for best results in many situations, such as if you expect someone to need help, offer advice and be supportive

Nonverbal Communication Always has Communicative Value

• Consists of wordless messages or signals to communicate
• Even without intending to, nonverbal movements can tell a lot about a person
• Even typing a message in ALL CAPS can be a way to communicate
• Forming impressions about others is mostly from nonverbal observations
• Nonverbal behaviour can carry more weight than words
• Spoken words carry less weight than the nonverbal cues when nonverbal behavior contradicts the verbal message

Nonverbal Communication

• Behavior is Ambiguous and they are not always easy to understand
• Behaviors Primarily Expresses Attitudes through disagreement, amusement, concern and so on
• Behavior is Culture-bound, while certain types of nonverbal behaviours are universal, others vary with culture
• Communication Affects Career Success, research show
• Ability to manage nonverbal behavior plays a big role in communicative success
• Six broad categories of nonverbal communication paralanguage, artifacts, kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, and haptics

Improving Nonverbal Effectiveness

• Guidelines to help maximize effectiveness, starting with monitor nonverbal behaviors.
• High self-monitors are good at knowing when to adapt their nonverbal behavior to suit the situation.
• The term immediacy describes verbal and nonverbal behaviors that indicate closeness and liking.
• Knowing that some conventions are cultural helps people to observe them.
• Verbal communication is the use of words and language to communicate orally and written
• Formal communication is official communication where the sender follows a pre-defined channel to communicate.
• Informal communication is unofficial communication that does not follow a channel.

Nonverbal Communication

• It uses wordless ways to communicate through: vocalics/paralanguage artifacts, proxemics chronemics haptics kinesics
• Nonverbal and verbal communication are different when it comes to meaning, time-consuming, delivery of the message, presence of communicators, evidence retention, significance and advantages