Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common risk factor for arterial insufficiency?

  • Diabetes (correct)
  • Smoking
  • Hypertension
  • Valvular incompetence
  • Which of the following is a common risk factor that accelerates atherosclerosis?

  • Venous reflux
  • Valvular incompetence
  • Diabetes (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • How is arterial insufficiency diagnosed according to USMLE preferences?

  • Arteriography
  • Ankle-brachial indices (ABI) (correct)
  • Doppler ultrasound of the calves
  • Duplex ultrasound of the calves
  • What is the key method for diagnosing arterial insufficiency after performing ankle-brachial indices?

    <p>Arteriography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of arterial insufficiency?

    <p>Punched-out ulcer on foot with intermittent claudication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of venous insufficiency?

    <p>Valvular incompetence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general approach to transfusion when Hb is 7 g/dL or lower?

    <p>Consider transfusion as a general propensity rather than a mandatory answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for hypertension in patients with pre-diabetes, diabetes, or any cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease?

    <p>ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or ARB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or ARB not be the first choice for treating hypertension in a typical middle-aged American male without risk factors?

    <p>Lack of evidence showing improvement in morbidity/mortality for this patient group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with dihydropyridine CCBs like nifedipine?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a known side effect of thiazides?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of treating hypertension, why is it important to consider different treatment approaches based on patient risk factors?

    <p>To tailor treatment for optimal outcomes based on specific patient characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment approach for arterial insufficiency?

    <p>Exercise regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of arterial insufficiency treatment, what should be done if a patient has an abnormal baseline ECG?

    <p>Perform an echo stress test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended diagnostic procedure if a patient with arterial insufficiency cannot exercise?

    <p>Dobutamine-echo stress test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient develops stable angina after minimal exertion, what is the next recommended step in the management of arterial insufficiency?

    <p>Order a myocardial perfusion scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should coronary angiography be considered in the management of arterial insufficiency?

    <p>If there is severe ischemia on stress test or myocardial perfusion scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after performing coronary angiography in a patient with arterial insufficiency and significant coronary artery disease?

    <p>Refer for cardiac surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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