Venous Insufficiency and Varicose Veins Quiz

What is the most common risk factor for arterial insufficiency?

Diabetes

Which of the following is a common risk factor that accelerates atherosclerosis?

Diabetes

How is arterial insufficiency diagnosed according to USMLE preferences?

Ankle-brachial indices (ABI)

What is the key method for diagnosing arterial insufficiency after performing ankle-brachial indices?

Arteriography Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of arterial insufficiency?

Punched-out ulcer on foot with intermittent claudication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of venous insufficiency?

Valvular incompetence Signup and view all the answers

What is the general approach to transfusion when Hb is 7 g/dL or lower?

Consider transfusion as a general propensity rather than a mandatory answer Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension in patients with pre-diabetes, diabetes, or any cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease?

ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or ARB Signup and view all the answers

Why might an ACE inhibitor (ACEi) or ARB not be the first choice for treating hypertension in a typical middle-aged American male without risk factors?

Lack of evidence showing improvement in morbidity/mortality for this patient group Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is commonly associated with dihydropyridine CCBs like nifedipine?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a known side effect of thiazides?

Hyperlipidemia Signup and view all the answers

In the context of treating hypertension, why is it important to consider different treatment approaches based on patient risk factors?

To tailor treatment for optimal outcomes based on specific patient characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment approach for arterial insufficiency?

Exercise regimen Signup and view all the answers

In the context of arterial insufficiency treatment, what should be done if a patient has an abnormal baseline ECG?

Perform an echo stress test Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended diagnostic procedure if a patient with arterial insufficiency cannot exercise?

Dobutamine-echo stress test Signup and view all the answers

If a patient develops stable angina after minimal exertion, what is the next recommended step in the management of arterial insufficiency?

Order a myocardial perfusion scan Signup and view all the answers

When should coronary angiography be considered in the management of arterial insufficiency?

If there is severe ischemia on stress test or myocardial perfusion scan Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step after performing coronary angiography in a patient with arterial insufficiency and significant coronary artery disease?

Refer for cardiac surgery Signup and view all the answers