Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the typical skin appearance in a patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
What is the typical skin appearance in a patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
Which type of ulcers are associated with venous stasis in peripheral venous disease (PVD)?
Which type of ulcers are associated with venous stasis in peripheral venous disease (PVD)?
What should a nurse do post-procedure after a femoral angiogram to assist in kidney health?
What should a nurse do post-procedure after a femoral angiogram to assist in kidney health?
What is a recommended positioning strategy for patients with PAD to improve blood flow?
What is a recommended positioning strategy for patients with PAD to improve blood flow?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common complication that a nurse should prevent in a patient with limited mobility?
Which of the following is a common complication that a nurse should prevent in a patient with limited mobility?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following medications does NOT require close monitoring due to risk of bleeding?
Which of the following medications does NOT require close monitoring due to risk of bleeding?
Signup and view all the answers
What dietary advice should be given to a patient on warfarin regarding vitamin K?
What dietary advice should be given to a patient on warfarin regarding vitamin K?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary action mechanism of heparin?
What is the primary action mechanism of heparin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements describes the administration route of heparin?
Which of the following statements describes the administration route of heparin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of using andexanet alfa in anticoagulation therapy?
What is the purpose of using andexanet alfa in anticoagulation therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor is NOT associated with the development of varicose veins?
What factor is NOT associated with the development of varicose veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a common manifestation of Buerger's disease?
Which is a common manifestation of Buerger's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nursing intervention is recommended for managing varicose veins?
Which nursing intervention is recommended for managing varicose veins?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary goal in the management of an aortic aneurysm above 5 cm?
What is a primary goal in the management of an aortic aneurysm above 5 cm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes Raynaud syndrome?
Which statement best describes Raynaud syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of nursing care for a client with Buerger’s disease, which intervention is most critical?
In the context of nursing care for a client with Buerger’s disease, which intervention is most critical?
Signup and view all the answers
Which procedure is NOT commonly used for the treatment of varicose veins?
Which procedure is NOT commonly used for the treatment of varicose veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is indicated for a client with Raynaud syndrome?
Which medication is indicated for a client with Raynaud syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major risk associated with an untreated aortic aneurysm?
What is a major risk associated with an untreated aortic aneurysm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is NOT a known contributing factor for atherosclerosis, which can lead to an aortic aneurysm?
Which factor is NOT a known contributing factor for atherosclerosis, which can lead to an aortic aneurysm?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of blood do veins primarily carry?
What type of blood do veins primarily carry?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic differentiates arteries from veins?
What characteristic differentiates arteries from veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is associated with having a dull, constant, achy pain?
Which condition is associated with having a dull, constant, achy pain?
Signup and view all the answers
What test is commonly used for diagnosing peripheral vascular disease?
What test is commonly used for diagnosing peripheral vascular disease?
Signup and view all the answers
In peripheral artery disease (PAD), what symptom typically characterizes the pain experienced?
In peripheral artery disease (PAD), what symptom typically characterizes the pain experienced?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary causes of peripheral vascular disease?
What is one of the primary causes of peripheral vascular disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic of legs is typically observed in peripheral venous disease?
What characteristic of legs is typically observed in peripheral venous disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the type of ulcer associated with peripheral venous disease?
Which term describes the type of ulcer associated with peripheral venous disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following descriptions is associated with the appearance of the skin in peripheral artery disease?
Which of the following descriptions is associated with the appearance of the skin in peripheral artery disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the pulse in the context of peripheral artery disease?
What happens to the pulse in the context of peripheral artery disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Veins vs. Arteries
- Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, flowing smoothly under low pressure.
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, characterized by pulsating flow and high pressure.
- Structural Differences: Veins have thin walls and valves to prevent backflow; arteries have thick muscular walls without valves.
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- Definition: An umbrella term for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral venous disease (PVD).
- Common Causes: Smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension.
- Diagnosis: Utilizes Doppler ultrasound and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI).
Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)
- Blood cannot return to the heart, leading to pooling in extremities.
- Symptoms: Dull, constant pain; edema; may have non-palpable pulses.
- Indicators: Warm legs; stasis dermatitis (brown/yellow color); shallow venous stasis ulcers; no gangrene risk.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
- Characterized by narrowed arteries (often due to atherosclerosis), restricting oxygenated blood flow to extremities.
- Symptoms: Sharp pain, worsening at night, intermittent claudication; very poor or absent pulses; cool legs; red sores with a punched-out appearance.
- Indicators: Pale, hairless, dry skin; risk of gangrene due to lack of blood supply.
Femoral Angiogram
- A diagnostic test using X-rays to assess blood vessel abnormalities in the legs.
- Involves IV dye injection for blockage assessment; performed with local anesthesia.
Neurovascular Assessment
- Evaluates sensory and motor function alongside peripheral circulation.
- Components: Pulses, capillary refill, skin color, temperature, sensation, and motor function.
Treatment for Peripheral Venous and Artery Disease
- For PVD: Keep vein open through elevation, medication (aspirin, statins), and possibly surgery (angioplasty, CABG).
- For PAD: Encourage blood movement through elevation, daily skin care, smoking cessation, and avoidance of tight clothing.
Anticoagulants: Heparin and Warfarin
- Heparin: Requires monitoring; IV or subcutaneous administration; rapid action; antidote is protamine sulfate.
- Warfarin: Oral drug; slower effect; monitored with PT/INR; antidote is vitamin K; diet modification necessary.
- Newer Anticoagulants: Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban; Andexanet alfa for reversal of bleeding.
Varicose Veins
- Enlarged, twisted superficial veins, primarily in lower extremities.
- Contributing Factors: Prolonged standing, obesity, hereditary factors.
- Manifestations: Visible veins, muscle cramping, edema.
- Nursing Interventions: Avoid prolonged sitting/standing, wear support stockings, maintain ideal weight, elevate legs.
Buerger's Disease
- Inflammation of arteries and veins leading to thrombus formation.
- Risk Group: Primarily men aged 20-35, often associated with smoking.
- Symptoms: Intermittent pain, cold sensitivity, painful sores, possible gangrene.
Raynaud's Syndrome
- Vasospastic condition causing color changes in extremities due to cold/stress; more common in women.
- Symptoms: Coldness, pallor, pain, occasional ulcers.
- Nursing Interventions: Keep warm, avoid smoking, limit caffeine.
Aortic Aneurysm
- Local distention of aortic wall, often monitored until exceeding 5 cm for surgery.
- Symptoms: Asymptomatic or thoracic pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain; pulsating mass.
- Nursing Care: Monitor blood pressure, use beta-blockers; watch for rupture signs.
Postoperative Considerations for Aortic Aneurysm Repair
- Monitor peripheral circulation and blood pressure.
- Assess for complications such as arterial occlusion, hemorrhage, and renal failure.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the differences between veins and arteries, focusing on their structure and function. It also covers peripheral vascular diseases, including their causes, symptoms, and diagnostic methods. Test your knowledge on the circulatory system and peripheral vascular health.
