Variation in Population and Species

Which statement best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

What defines homozygosity?

What does heterozygosity refer to?

How are alleles, genes, and chromosomes related?

Which factor affects both genotype and phenotype?

What determines the external appearance of an organism?

How do genotype and phenotype differ in terms of inheritance?

What distinguishes chromosomes from genes?

What is the main characteristic of continuous variation?

Which of the following best describes discontinuous variation?

What type of variation does human height exemplify?

Which type of variation can be influenced by factors like scars and tattoos?

In continuous variation, what is the range of possibilities?

What distinguishes genetic variation from environmental variation?

Which type of variation can be directly affected by an individual's living conditions?

What factor contributes to the existence of both genetic and environmental variation in individuals?

What is the term used to describe an individual with two identical alleles for a trait?

In an organism that is homozygous for the recessive allele, what type of traits are expressed?

What term is used to describe an individual with two different alleles for a trait?

Which allele is expressed exclusively in a heterozygote?

What type of variation results in an organism expressing different traits depending on whether it is homozygous or heterozygous for a gene?

What kind of relationship between alleles is described where one allele masks the expression of another allele at the same locus?

What term is used to describe the characteristics coded for by alleles?

'Allele' refers to what on a chromosome?

What type of plant did Mendel conduct his experiments on?

Which of the following best describes the F1 progeny in Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment?

What were the contrasting traits Mendel considered in his experiments?

What term did Mendel use to describe the first generation offspring in his monohybrid cross experiment?

What is the term used for the units of inheritance that Mendel identified in his experiments?

In a dihybrid cross experiment, how many traits did Mendel consider?

Which of the following laws did Mendel formulate based on his monohybrid cross experiments?

Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?

What term is used to describe different versions of a gene?

Which type of allele is represented by an uppercase letter?

In order for a person to exhibit a dominant trait, what must be present?

What is the term for having two different alleles for a gene?

What is the term used when both alleles are expressed equally in a heterozygous individual?

If an individual has two lowercase alleles for a gene, what will be their phenotype?

'Brown eye allele' is an example of which type of allele?

'Codominance' occurs when:

The absence of a line of best fit in the graph is due to the fact that the values on the x-axis (blood groups) can be arranged in any order.

Heredity is solely dependent on inheritance, leading to offspring having similar characteristics to their parents.

Gregor Mendel developed Mendel's Laws of Inheritance in the early 20th century.

Pea plants were chosen by Mendel for his experiments as they were difficult to grow and maintain.

Continuous variation in genetics refers to characteristics that fall into distinct categories with no intermediate forms.

Discontinuous variation in genetics involves traits that exhibit a smooth and uninterrupted range of possibilities.

A bar chart is commonly used to display the frequency of different blood groups in a population.

In Mendel's experiments, pea plants were selected due to their complexity in growth and maintenance.

Mendel conducted 3 main experiments to determine the laws of inheritance.

Mendel found that genes can be called the molecules of inheritance.

In Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment, he only considered contrasting traits related to plant height.

Dihybrid Cross was one of Mendel's main experiments in determining the laws of inheritance.

Mendel's experiments on pea plants included consideration of 5 main contrasting traits.

In all cases, Mendel found different results when conducting experiments with other contrasting traits like green peas vs yellow peas.

Mendel formulated the laws of Segregation And Dominance based on his Dihybrid Cross experiment findings.

In the F1 progeny obtained from Mendel's Monohybrid Cross experiment, all plants were short in height.

Continuous variation is characterized by results that come in a range, such as human height.

Discontinuous variation is composed of smoothly grading differences between individuals.

Genetic variation is caused by environmental factors that influence an organism's traits.

Environmental variation includes traits like eye color, hair color, and skin tone.

Continuous variation allows for any value within a range, while discontinuous variation has fixed categories.

In continuous variation, it is possible to find values between the extremes.

Genetic and environmental factors never interact to create variations in individuals.

Variation within a population of the same species is solely caused by genetic factors.

Mendel's F1 progeny from crossing wrinkled green seed and round yellow seeds were all wrinkled-yellow.

In Mendel's experiments, the F1 progeny were self-pollinated to obtain 4 different traits in the ratio 9:3:3:1.

Mendel's second law of inheritance is known as the Law of Dominance.

Genotype refers to the physical appearance of an organism.

Homozygous alleles have two different forms of a gene.

In Mendel's experiments, the two laws of inheritance formulated were the Law of Dominance and the Law of Segregation.

Alleles are transferred from offspring to parents in pairs.

The Law of Independent Assortment refers to the random distribution of alleles during gametogenesis.

If a person has two copies of the red and white dominant traits, the flower will have a mix of red and white petals.

A person carrying two copies of the brown eye allele will have blue eyes due to codominance.

Recessive alleles always show the traits visibly.

A person with one copy of the brown eye allele and one copy of the blue eye allele is considered a carrier of the blue eye trait.

Homozygous individuals have different copies of alleles for a trait.

Sex-linked genes are inherited through the Y chromosome in males.

A biological male carries two sets of X chromosomes (XX).

The external appearance of an organism is determined solely by genetic factors.

What is the term used to describe alleles that are considered dominant and are observed or shown?

How many sets of alleles can be dominant or recessive in an individual?

What do you call a set of alleles where both uppercase and lowercase letters of the gene are present?

What is the term for having at least one copy of the brown eye allele to have brown eyes?

What do you call it when an individual has two copies of alleles that are both dominant?

What type of variation involves traits that exhibit a smooth and uninterrupted range of possibilities?

How many main contrasting traits did Mendel consider in his experiments on pea plants?

What term is used to describe the first generation offspring in Mendel's monohybrid cross experiment?

What is the significance of Mendel's laws of inheritance?

Why did Gregor Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?

Explain the concept of continuous variation in genetics.

Describe discontinuous variation in genetics.

What is the relationship between heredity and inheritance?

What was the main contribution of Gregor Mendel to genetics?

Explain why continuous variation is important in genetics.

How did Mendel's experiments on pea plants impact the field of genetics?

What does it mean when a person is considered a carrier of an allele?

Explain the difference between continuous and discontinuous variation in genetics.

What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

What is the term for an individual with two different alleles for a gene?

How are sex-linked genes inherited differently in biological males and females?

What type of traits are expressed in an organism that is homozygous for the recessive allele?

How do codominant alleles interact in terms of trait expression?

How many copies of a recessive allele must a person have to exhibit the associated trait?

Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.

What is the relationship between alleles, genes, and chromosomes?

Define homozygosity and heterozygosity.

How is phenotype determined?

What type of information does genotype hold?

Explain the concept of alleles.

Describe the difference between homozygosity and heterozygosity.

How do alleles, genes, and chromosomes relate to each other?

What determines the biological sex of an individual in humans?

What term is used to describe characteristics influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes in humans?

Why are males more likely to be affected by a sex-linked disorder than females?

What do the X and Y chromosomes contain in humans?

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in the human genome?

What is the term used to describe traits that are influenced by genes on the sex chromosomes?

In humans, what determines whether an individual develops as male or female?

Why is the presence of the Y chromosome critical in human development?

A person’s genotype is their unique sequence of ______

Phenotype is the observable expression of this genotype – a person's ______

The genotype is a set of genes in DNA responsible for unique traits or characteristics, while the phenotype is the physical appearance or characteristic of an ______

The human genetic code could be found by their ______

The phenotype is determined by an individual’s genotype and expressed genes or by visible traits, for instance, hair colour or type, eye colour, body shape, and ______

Organisms that look the same do not have the same ______

Biological tests can determine ______

Both the genotype and phenotype sound similar but have ______

The coloring of the blue and brown eyes is an example of different versions of a ______.

Different versions of a gene are called ______.

Alleles can be considered dominant or ______, with dominant being the trait that is observed or shown.

Dominant alleles are seen as an uppercase of a letter; for example, _____.

In order for a person to show the dominant trait, one of the person’s parents must have the dominant trait (which is an uppercase letter). Remember that human cells carry 2 copies of each chromosome, one from the biological mother’s genes and one from the biological father’s genes. With that being said, there are 2 sets of alleles that can be dominant or recessive. If a person carries a heterozygous set of alleles (both uppercase and lower case letter of the gene) then the person will show the dominant trait (being that there is an uppercase letter present).

For example, the brown eye allele is dominant, _____.

When you have two copies of the alleles that are both dominant, this is called ______.

If a person carries two copies of the red and white dominant traits, the flower will have a mix of red and white ______.

If a person has one copy of the brown eye allele (dominant) and one copy of the blue eye allele (recessive) then that person is considered to be a carrier of the ______ eye allele

Recessive alleles only show the traits if the person has 2 copies of the same ______

Sex-linked genes are genes that are inherited through the X ______

If the offspring is a boy, the X chromosome comes from the mother and the Y comes from the ______

A biological female carries 2 sets of X chromosomes (XX) and a biological male carries one set of the X and one set of Y chromosomes (XY). Remember that a biological female carries 2 sets of X chromosomes (XX) and a biological male carries one set of the X and one set of Y chromosomes (XY). If the offspring is a ______, the X chromosome comes from the mother and the Y comes from the father.

Recessive alleles are the genes that do not show the ______

Codominance occurs when both dominant traits are expressed ______

In continuous variation, it is possible to find values between the ______

In X-linked gene inheritance, the expression of recessive genes is more common in ______ who only have one X gene.

Autosomes determine somatic characters such as body weight and length, while Sex Chromosomes determine sex and sex-related hormonal traits. Autosomes follow ______ Inheritance.

In humans, 22 pairs of ______ are present.

Determining the gender and sex-related traits is the role of ______.

All chromosomes are of the same ______, that is, homologous.

With females, there is a lower chance of getting a diseased trait as it depends on what chromosome she inherited from the mother whether it's dominant or recessive and what X chromosome she inherited from her ______.

In autosomes, determining somatic characters mainly involves the growth of an organism and all chromosomes are ______.

Determines the gender and sex-related traits: Sex ______.

The human genome is organized into __ pairs of chromosomes

In humans, only one pair of chromosomes is present, which is the pair of __ chromosomes

Males inherit a __ chromosome from the father for an XY genotype

Sex-linked traits are influenced by genes carried on the __ chromosomes

Females inherit an X chromosome from the father for a __ genotype

The X and Y chromosomes determine the biological __ of an individual

Males, who have only a single copy of the X chromosome, are more likely to be affected by a sex-linked disorder than __

The presence or absence of the Y chromosome is critical because it contains the genes necessary to override the biological default - __ development

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