71 Questions
What is the main effect of gene flow on genetic variation in populations?
Increases the proportion of unique alleles per locus
In what situations can alleles be lost from populations?
Via allelic fixation
What is the significance of genetic diversity of a population increasing over time?
It implies mutations are accumulating
What is the role of mutations in genetic diversity over generations?
Mutations accumulate and increase genetic diversity
Why is allelic fixation more likely to occur in small populations?
Small populations experience genetic drift more intensely
What can bring new mutations into a population according to the text?
Migration
What term is used for alleles that are the only version of a gene in a population?
"Fixed" Alleles
What process can lead to changing the number of alleles for a gene in a population?
Gene flow
In which type of populations is allelic fixation more likely to occur?
Small populations, especially for negative alleles
What is the main source of new alleles in a species?
Random mutations
What does allelic fixation refer to in populations?
Fixation of a single allele in a population
How does genetic diversity of a population tend to change over time in stable populations?
It tends to increase due to accumulating mutations
Which process can lead to the loss of alleles from a population?
Gene flow
What factor influences whether new mutations brought by migration persist in a population over time?
Passing on of alleles to the next generation
If a population experiences high rates of immigration and emigration, what effect is likely to be observed on its genetic diversity?
Genetic diversity will increase as new alleles are introduced
In a small, isolated population, what is the most likely consequence of a deleterious mutation becoming fixed?
The population will be at a higher risk of extinction
If a population experiences a severe bottleneck event, what is the expected impact on its genetic diversity over subsequent generations, assuming no further disturbances?
Genetic diversity will gradually increase as new mutations accumulate
In a large, panmictic population with high rates of random mating, what is the most likely outcome for a newly introduced, beneficial mutation?
The mutation's fate will depend on its selective advantage
If a species consists of multiple isolated populations, what is the primary mechanism that can introduce new alleles and increase overall genetic diversity?
Gene flow between populations through migration
In a population with high levels of inbreeding, what is the most likely consequence for deleterious recessive alleles?
They will become more prevalent and potentially fixed
What is the primary factor that determines whether a new mutation brought into a population through gene flow will persist over time?
Whether the mutation is passed on to subsequent generations
If a population experiences a severe reduction in size (bottleneck event), but then recovers to its original size, what is the most likely outcome for its genetic diversity over subsequent generations?
Genetic diversity will remain low due to the loss of alleles during the bottleneck
In a large, panmictic population with random mating and no gene flow, which of the following is the most likely outcome for a newly introduced, deleterious recessive allele?
It will be quickly eliminated from the population due to purifying selection
If a species consists of multiple isolated populations with no gene flow between them, what is the primary mechanism that can introduce new alleles and increase overall genetic diversity across the species?
New mutations arising independently in different populations
In a small, isolated population with high rates of inbreeding, what is the most likely consequence for a newly introduced, deleterious recessive allele?
It will rapidly become fixed due to genetic drift
If a population experiences high rates of immigration and emigration (gene flow), what effect is likely to be observed on its genetic diversity?
Genetic diversity will increase due to the introduction of new alleles
In a large, randomly mating population, what is the most likely fate of a newly introduced, beneficial dominant allele?
It will rapidly become fixed due to positive selection
What is the primary factor that determines whether a new mutation brought into a population through gene flow will persist over time?
The strength of selection on the mutation
If a population experiences a severe bottleneck event followed by rapid expansion, what is the most likely outcome for its genetic diversity in subsequent generations?
Genetic diversity will initially decrease but then gradually increase over time.
In a large, randomly mating population with no gene flow, what is the most likely fate of a newly introduced, slightly deleterious recessive allele?
It will persist at a low frequency due to genetic drift.
What is the primary mechanism that can introduce new alleles and increase genetic diversity within a species consisting of multiple isolated populations?
Random mutations within each population
If a population experiences high rates of immigration and emigration, what effect is most likely to be observed on its genetic diversity over time?
Genetic diversity will increase due to the introduction of new alleles.
In a small, isolated population with a high rate of inbreeding, what is the most likely consequence of a newly introduced, highly deleterious recessive allele?
It will become fixed in the population due to the small population size.
What is the primary factor that determines whether a new mutation brought into a population through gene flow will persist over time?
The selective advantage or disadvantage of the mutation
In a large, randomly mating population with no gene flow, what is the most likely outcome for a newly introduced, highly beneficial dominant allele?
It will rapidly increase in frequency and become fixed.
Which of the following is true about molecular clocks?
Molecular clocks use DNA mutations to estimate evolutionary time and relationships
What type of DNA sequences generally accumulate mutations more slowly within a species?
Genes
How are mutation rates linked to the properties of DNA Polymerase in a species?
Mutation rate of an organism is correlated with the specific properties of its DNA Polymerase
Which part of a population's DNA accumulates mostly neutral mutations?
Non-coding sequences
In which type of organisms are mutation rates usually higher?
Organisms with larger genomes and short lifespans
Why do molecular clocks assume that mutations accumulate at a consistent rate over time?
To estimate evolutionary time and relationships accurately
Which of the following statements about molecular clocks is NOT true?
Mutation rates are higher in organisms with larger genomes and longer lifespans.
If a species consists of multiple isolated populations with no gene flow, which process is the primary mechanism that can introduce new alleles and increase overall genetic diversity across the species?
Mutation
What is the primary factor that determines whether a new mutation brought into a population through gene flow will persist over time?
The fitness effect of the mutation
In a large, randomly mating population with no gene flow, what is the most likely outcome for a newly introduced, highly beneficial dominant allele?
It will gradually increase in frequency and potentially become fixed.
What term is used to describe alleles that are the only version of a gene in a population?
Fixed alleles
In a small, isolated population with high rates of inbreeding, what is the most likely consequence for a newly introduced, deleterious recessive allele?
It will gradually increase in frequency and potentially become fixed.
Why are molecular clocks based on the number of DNA mutations or SNPs?
To estimate evolutionary time and relationships
What is the primary reason for mutation rates varying between species?
Genome size and lifespan correlation
Why do genes accumulate mutations more slowly than non-coding DNA sequences?
Genes have more efficient repair mechanisms
What is the common outcome of mutations in non-coding sequences?
Persistence due to neutral effects
How do mutation rates vary between different DNA sequences within a species?
Mutation rates are higher in non-coding sequences
What is the relationship between mutation rates and genome size in organisms?
Smaller genomes have higher mutation rates
What is the main concept behind Molecular Clocks in molecular evolution?
Estimating evolutionary time and relationships based on DNA mutations or SNPs
Why do mutations accumulate in populations as time progresses?
Due to the consistent rate of mutations happening randomly
What is the relationship between mutation rates and the size of genomes?
Mutation rates are usually higher in organisms with smaller genomes
Which DNA sequences generally accumulate mutations more slowly within a species?
Genes accumulate mutations more slowly than non-coding DNA sequences
What is the primary reason why mutations in non-coding sequences persist more often than mutations in genes?
Non-coding mutations are often neutral to populations
What is the main factor influencing the mutation rates within a species?
The specific properties of the DNA Polymerase in that species
In a species with a high mutation rate, which of the following sequences would accumulate mutations at the slowest rate?
Coding regions of essential genes in a long-lived organism with a large genome
In a species with a high mutation rate and a large effective population size, what is the most likely fate of a newly introduced, mildly deleterious recessive allele?
It will persist at a low frequency, maintained by mutation-selection balance.
If a species consists of multiple isolated populations with no gene flow, what is the primary mechanism that can introduce new alleles and increase overall genetic diversity across the species over time?
Mutation
Which of the following statements about molecular clocks is true?
They use the accumulation of mutations over time to estimate evolutionary divergence between populations.
In a small, isolated population with high rates of inbreeding, what is the most likely consequence of a newly introduced, highly deleterious recessive allele?
It will quickly become fixed in the population due to genetic drift.
If a population experiences a severe bottleneck event followed by rapid expansion, what is the most likely outcome for its genetic diversity in subsequent generations?
Genetic diversity will remain low due to the founder effect.
Which of the following statements regarding mutation rates in organisms is correct?
Mutation rates are linked to the specific properties of the DNA Polymerase in a species
In a large, randomly mating population with no gene flow, what is the most likely outcome for a newly introduced, highly deleterious recessive allele?
It will be eliminated from the population through purifying selection
If a species consists of multiple isolated populations with no gene flow between them, what is the primary mechanism that can introduce new alleles and increase overall genetic diversity across the species?
Mutation
According to the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding the accumulation of mutations in different DNA sequences within a species?
Non-coding DNA sequences accumulate mutations more rapidly than genes
What is the primary reason why mutations in non-coding sequences persist more often than mutations in genes?
Mutations in non-coding sequences are often neutral and persist
According to the concept of Molecular Clocks, which of the following statements is true?
Mutations occur at a consistent rate over time, allowing for estimation of evolutionary relationships
Test your knowledge on how gene flow can change genetic variation in populations. Learn about the movement of alleles, migration, and the impact on the number of alleles for a gene. Explore how new alleles are introduced to a population through mutations and migration.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
