Vapour Degreasers and Aqueous Cleaners Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key reason for the replacement of vapour degreasers with aqueous cleaners?

Environmental issues associated with vapour degreasers. (correct)

Vapour degreasers are more effective at removing heavy contaminants.

Aqueous cleaners are simpler to use.

Aqueous cleaners are less expensive to purchase.

Which of the following substances are typically used as cleaning solutions in vapour degreasers?

Acids

Surfactants

Hydrocarbons (correct)

Water-based solutions

What is an essential safety measure to follow when operating a vapour degreaser?

Ensure the unit is compliant and not faulty. (correct)

Skip the safety checks if experienced.

Wear standard work clothes without PPE.

Use any cleaning solution available.

What is the function of the refrigeration coil in a vapour degreaser?

To condense evaporated fluid back into the cleaning process. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically NOT found in the usage protocol for vapour degreasers?

Immediate application of penetrant after cleaning. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is accurate regarding the environmental impact of vapour degreasers?

They are not regarded as environmentally friendly. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of aqueous cleaners, what is the typical pH employed for surface cleaning in metal processing?

pH > 7 Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of strongly alkaline cleaners compared to weaker alkalis?

They exhibit a greater dissolving ability for organic contaminants. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT need to be considered when using acidic or alkaline paint removers?

Surface area of the part. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable economic advantage of vapour degreasers despite higher purchase costs?

They can reuse the same cleaning fluid multiple times. Signup and view all the answers

After cleaning with alkaline agents, what is a necessary step before applying penetrant?

Ensuring that the parts are dry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of ultrasonic cleaners?

Vibrating the cleaning solution to dislodge particles. Signup and view all the answers

What material can be affected by the choice of cleaning solution when using de-ruster and paint removers?

Steel, aluminum, and other metal surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range typically used in ultrasonic cleaners?

20 to 400 KHz Signup and view all the answers

How should alkaline agents be prepared for use?

Diluted to the required strength depending on part condition. Signup and view all the answers

Which effect does high-pressure steam cleaning primarily target?

Heavy contaminations on part surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lipophilic' refer to?

Oil or fat-based materials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is not permitted for emulsifiers and removers?

Brushing Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal emulsification time for applying emulsifiers or removers?

2 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using hydrophilic materials in the penetrant method?

To dissolve oil-based contaminants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the action of emulsifiers in the penetration process?

They emulsify and break down the surface contaminants. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial factor when processing large parts with emulsifiers or removers?

Solutions must be neutralized within a specified time. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do both emulsifiers and removers share during application?

They become more aggressive with movement. Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'hydro' in hydrophilic signify?

Water-based Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Penetrant Testing Course Notes: EN4179 Level 1/2

Course covers introduction and history of penetrant testing, procedures, materials, surface preparation, application, removal, and reporting.
Document Issue 3.0, dated 17/07/2022, compiled by Rob Bilney, approved by Keith Phillips, and authorized by Henry Corr.
Amendments have been made to the course notes over time, with initial release in 2014, template updates in 2016, and a transfer to a new template in 2022.

Chapter 1: Introduction and History

Non-destructive testing (NDT) examines components for defects without damaging them.
Early NDT methods included visual inspection, oil & whiting, and other techniques.
Modern NDT methods like penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, radiographic testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, visual testing, thermography and acoustic emission are in use today.

Chapter 2: Basic Penetrant Procedure

Materials suitable for penetrant testing are specified.
Types of penetrants include fluorescent and visible dyes.
Surface preparation is crucial to identify defects effectively.
Different cleaning methods (vapor degreasers, aqueous cleaners, high-pressure steam cleaners, de-rusters/paint removers, ultrasonic cleaners, acid etch, and mechanical cleaning) are utilized.
Penetrant dwell time depends on defect type, temperature, and surface finish.

Chapter 3: Surface Preparation

Surface contaminants hinder penetrant entry into defects.
Common contaminants include dirt, rust, grease, and oil, requiring thorough removal.
Cleaning methods are detailed, including vapor degreasing, aqueous cleaning, high-pressure steam cleaning, de-rusters/paint removers, ultrasonic cleaning, acid etching, and mechanical cleaning.
Specific procedures for each method are highlighted.

Chapter 4: Water Wash Penetrants, Post Emulsifiable Penetrants, and Post Emulsifiable-Lipophilic Penetrants

Cleaning and drying of workpieces before penetrant application are essential procedures.
Penetrant application and excess penetrant removal methods.
Drying methods and use of developer.
Techniques to carry out inspection for colour contrast and fluorescent penetrants.
Details for different types of portable inspection kits (fluorescent and visible)

Chapter 5: Properties of Penetrants

Penetrants are classified into visible and fluorescent types and have specific physical characteristics.
Properties of a potent penetrant include surface tension, contact angle, capillary action, and viscosity.
Specific gravity measurements help determine penetrant quality and suitability

Chapter 6: Penetrant Removal

Removal methods vary depending on the specific penetrant used (water washable, post-emulsifiable, or solvent removable).
Water wash procedures, emulsifier application (for post-emulsifiable), and solvent removal techniques are discussed.
Water temperature, pressure, and necessary procedures are crucial considerations.

Chapter 7: Drying Procedure

Drying procedure guidelines depend on part type and material.
Suitable ovens and drying times are needed for parts.
Use of developer for penetrant detection and its procedure

Chapter 8: Inspection

Lighting requirements are specified depending on the penetrant used (e.g., UV light for fluorescent penetrants, white light for visible penetrants).
Types of indications (false, non-relevant, and relevant) are explained.
The "wipe-off" technique is detailed to verify indications.
Discusses Optical aids to aid in visual inspection.

Chapter 9: Quality Control

Systems checks and daily inspections of equipment are crucial to maintain consistent results.
Specific test panels (like PSM Tam-Panel and Twin KDS Panels) are used for evaluating penetrant performance.
Standard procedures for quality control checks (wash ability and emulsifier removability checks) are explained.

Chapter 10: Work Instruction Writing and Reporting

Procedures to create comprehensive work instructions for penetrant testing are detailed.
Elements required for a standard penetrant testing work instruction form, including company information, part details, inspection details, and reporting procedures are described.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the use, safety measures, and environmental impacts of vapour degreasers and aqueous cleaners. This quiz covers key characteristics, operational protocols, and economic considerations related to various cleaning methods in industrial settings.