Valium (Diazepam) Study Flashcards

Study Notes

Drug Classification

Anxiolytic: helps reduce anxiety.
Benzodiazepine: a class of medications known for sedative effects.

Dose Range

Oral (PO): 2 to 10 mg taken 2 to 4 times daily.
Intravenous (IV): 5 to 10 mg; preferred for optimal results.

Pharmacological Action

Enhances the action of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity.

Therapeutic Uses

Provides relief from anxiety.
Induces sedation.
Facilitates amnesia in medical procedures.
Promotes muscle relaxation.
Reduces seizure activity, including in acute cases like status epilepticus.

Side Effects/Adverse Effects

Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, and depression.
Other effects: slurred speech, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, rash, dry mouth/throat, and sexual dysfunction.

Medication/Food Interactions

Alcohol, antidepressants, and opioids can increase central nervous system (CNS) depression.
Hormonal contraceptives may reduce the metabolism of diazepam.
Contraindicated in combination with Ritonavir.
Herbal interactions: kava kava, valerian, and chamomile can further enhance CNS depression.

Nursing Interventions/Client Education

Gradual withdrawal from the medication is advised to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
Patients should avoid driving if experiencing drowsiness.
Pregnant individuals must notify their healthcare provider.
Increased fluid intake is encouraged.
Patients should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions to prevent dizziness.
Caffeine and other CNS depressants should be avoided.

Nursing Administration (Concerns)

Vital signs should be monitored, especially blood pressure and respiratory rate.
Regular assessments should determine the ongoing necessity of the medication.
Elderly patients are at higher risk for falls, requiring careful monitoring.

Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness

Effective if there is a noticeable decrease in anxiety levels, which may take 1-2 weeks to manifest.
In cases of alcohol withdrawal, effectiveness is indicated by decreased tremulousness and better rational ideation.

Description

Test your knowledge on Valium (diazepam) with these flashcards covering key topics such as drug classification, dosage ranges, pharmacological actions, and therapeutic uses. Ideal for students and professionals in the medical field looking to reinforce their understanding of this commonly used medication.