Questions and Answers
What is the classification of Diazepam?
What is the DEA schedule for Diazepam?
Class IV
What is the primary action of Diazepam?
Binds to Type A GABA receptors, causing sedation
List some indications for Diazepam use.
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What are the contraindications for Diazepam?
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Name some side effects of Diazepam.
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The adult dosage of Diazepam ranges from ______ mg.
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For pediatric patients, Diazepam dosage as a sedative/muscle relaxant ranges from ______ mg/kg.
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For status epilepticus in pediatric patients aged 6 months to 5 years, the initial dosage of Diazepam is ______ mg IV.
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The duration of action for Diazepam is approximately ______ minutes.
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Match the following routes of administration for Diazepam with their terms:
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What special considerations should be noted when using Diazepam?
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What forms is Diazepam available in?
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Study Notes
Diazepam Overview
- Classification: Benzodiazepine, acting as an anticonvulsant and sedative.
- DEA Schedule: Classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance.
Mechanism of Action
- Diazepam binds to Type A GABA receptors, leading to sedation and anxiolytic effects.
Indications for Use
- Primarily indicated for treatment of anxiety, management of seizures, sedation prior to procedures, and muscle relaxation.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to diazepam is a primary contraindication for use.
Side Effects
- Common side effects may include hypotension, sedation, amnesia, respiratory depression, nausea, and vomiting.
Dosage Guidelines
- Adult Dosage: Ranges from 2 to 10 mg based on clinical needs.
- Pediatric Dosage (Sedative/Muscle Relaxant/Status Epilepticus): Initial dose of 0.5 mg/kg may be considered but could be toxic.
- Pediatric Dosage (Sedative/Muscle Relaxant for ages 12 years and older): 0.04 to 0.2 mg/kg.
- Pediatric Dosage (Status Epilepticus for ages 6 months-5 years): 0.2-0.5 mg IV initially, with possible repeats every 2-5 minutes (maximum of 5 mg).
- Pediatric Dosage (Status Epilepticus for over 5 years): 1 mg IV slowly every 2-5 minutes, not exceeding 10 mg total, with the option for repeat in 2-4 hours.
Administration Routes
- Diazepam can be administered via several routes: IV (intravenous), IM (intramuscular), IO (intraosseous), PO (oral), and rectal.
Drug Interactions
- Potentially interacts with numerous medications, including narcotics (e.g., codeine, hydrocodone), antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine), and other central nervous system depressants (e.g., fentanyl, methadone).
Duration of Action
- The effects of diazepam generally last between 15 to 60 minutes.
Formulation and Supply
- Available in multiple forms: oral tablets and multi-dose vials for injections.
Special Considerations
- Not water-soluble, thus incompatible with other medications; may cause injection site irritation. Flumazenil is noted as an antagonist to reverse the effects of diazepam.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential aspects of Diazepam (Valium), including its classification, DEA schedule, mechanisms of action, indications, and contraindications. It is designed for students and healthcare professionals to enhance their understanding of this medication.
