Validity in Research Studies
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Questions and Answers

Which factor is the main contributor to the increase in internal validity of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)?

  • The ranking of the study in comparison to other types
  • Even distribution of socio-economic status (correct)
  • Observing outcomes after intervention
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis

    • What is a characteristic of good external validity in a study?

  • Effective treatment across multiple RCTs
  • Small sample size
  • Representative recruited sample (correct)
  • Recruitment of a non-representative sample

    • Which type of evidence is considered poor when assessing levels of evidence?

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Multiple Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
  • Expert opinion
  • Editorials (correct)

    • Why do Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses have better internal and external validity than single RCTs?

    <p>Increased number of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of randomization in improving internal validity of a study?

    <p>Ensures an even distribution of background variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) ranked at the top in terms of both internal and external validity?

    <p>They provide equal probability for control and intervention groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does internal validity refer to?

    <p>The ability to attribute changes in a dependent variable to the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of internal validity concern?

    <p>Does smoking cause lung cancer?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does external validity focus on?

    <p>Generalizability of study findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question is related to external validity?

    <p>Will a study on psychotherapy generalize to people with anxiety disorders?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hierarchy of evidence, where do Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis rank?

    <p>At the top as strong evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study is considered to have good internal and external validity?

    <p>Randomized Controlled Trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does external validity refer to?

    <p>Generalizing study results to other settings, populations, and times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of studies often provide good external validity by reflecting real-world scenarios?

    <p>Case-control studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high external validity impact the applicability of study findings?

    <p>It expands the applicability to a broader audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are studies with high internal validity ranked higher in the evidence hierarchy?

    <p>Due to more reliable cause-effect conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal scenario for studying evidence validity?

    <p>Balancing high internal with good external validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of studies rank highest by potentially offering a balance of high internal and external validity across diverse settings?

    <p>Systematic reviews and meta-analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

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