Validity in Research Studies

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Which factor is the main contributor to the increase in internal validity of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)?

The ranking of the study in comparison to other types

Even distribution of socio-economic status (correct)

Observing outcomes after intervention

Systematic review and meta-analysis

What is a characteristic of good external validity in a study?

Effective treatment across multiple RCTs

Small sample size

Representative recruited sample (correct)

Recruitment of a non-representative sample

Which type of evidence is considered poor when assessing levels of evidence?

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Multiple Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)

Expert opinion

Editorials (correct)

Why do Systematic Reviews & Meta-analyses have better internal and external validity than single RCTs?

Increased number of participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of randomization in improving internal validity of a study?

Ensures an even distribution of background variables Signup and view all the answers

Why are Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) ranked at the top in terms of both internal and external validity?

They provide equal probability for control and intervention groups Signup and view all the answers

What does internal validity refer to?

The ability to attribute changes in a dependent variable to the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of internal validity concern?

Does smoking cause lung cancer? Signup and view all the answers

What does external validity focus on?

Generalizability of study findings Signup and view all the answers

Which question is related to external validity?

Will a study on psychotherapy generalize to people with anxiety disorders? Signup and view all the answers

In the hierarchy of evidence, where do Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis rank?

At the top as strong evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which type of study is considered to have good internal and external validity?

Randomized Controlled Trials Signup and view all the answers

What does external validity refer to?

Generalizing study results to other settings, populations, and times Signup and view all the answers

Which type of studies often provide good external validity by reflecting real-world scenarios?

Case-control studies Signup and view all the answers

How does high external validity impact the applicability of study findings?

It expands the applicability to a broader audience Signup and view all the answers

Why are studies with high internal validity ranked higher in the evidence hierarchy?

Due to more reliable cause-effect conclusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal scenario for studying evidence validity?

Balancing high internal with good external validity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of studies rank highest by potentially offering a balance of high internal and external validity across diverse settings?

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Signup and view all the answers