Epidemiology and Research Question Formulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does PICOTS/PECOTS stand for in epidemiology?

  • Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Time, Setting
  • Placebo, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Time, Setting
  • Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Time, Setting (correct)
  • Placebo, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Time, Setting
  • When using direct standardization in epidemiology, what is the purpose of adjusting observed population mortality rates to that of a standard, reference population?

  • To calculate the percentage of each age group out of the total population
  • To estimate the overall mortality rate for a specific age group
  • To control the effect of gender on total mortality
  • To compare mortality rates between populations with different age distributions (correct)
  • In direct standardization, what is the purpose of using a third country to calculate the percentage of each age group out of the total population?

  • To calculate the weight for adjusting mortality rates (correct)
  • To estimate the overall mortality rate for a specific age group
  • To determine the gender distribution in the population
  • To compare mortality rates within the same population
  • What is the role of the 'Comparator' element in a PICOTS/PECOTS question?

    <p>To compare the intervention to something else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'Time' element in a PICOTS/PECOTS question?

    <p>To determine the length of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of selection bias in a study?

    <p>Representativeness of study results to the study population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can selection bias be minimized in a study?

    <p>Choose random samples and consecutive samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of information bias in a study?

    <p>Incomplete or inaccurate data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role can selection bias play in case-control studies?

    <p>Influencing the detection of cases based on exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of confounding bias in a study?

    <p>Results being influenced by a factor associated with both exposure and outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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