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Epidemiology and Research Question Formulation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does PICOTS/PECOTS stand for in epidemiology?

Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Time, Setting
Placebo, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Time, Setting
Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Time, Setting (correct)
Placebo, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Time, Setting

When using direct standardization in epidemiology, what is the purpose of adjusting observed population mortality rates to that of a standard, reference population?

To calculate the percentage of each age group out of the total population
To estimate the overall mortality rate for a specific age group
To control the effect of gender on total mortality
To compare mortality rates between populations with different age distributions (correct)

In direct standardization, what is the purpose of using a third country to calculate the percentage of each age group out of the total population?

To calculate the weight for adjusting mortality rates (correct)
To estimate the overall mortality rate for a specific age group
To determine the gender distribution in the population
To compare mortality rates within the same population

What is the role of the 'Comparator' element in a PICOTS/PECOTS question?

To compare the intervention to something else (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'Time' element in a PICOTS/PECOTS question?

To determine the length of the study (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of selection bias in a study?

Representativeness of study results to the study population (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can selection bias be minimized in a study?

Choose random samples and consecutive samples (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of information bias in a study?

Incomplete or inaccurate data collection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role can selection bias play in case-control studies?

Influencing the detection of cases based on exposure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of confounding bias in a study?

Results being influenced by a factor associated with both exposure and outcome (B) Signup and view all the answers

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