Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of redistributing liquid between each packed bed in T-430, and why is this important for the separation process?
What is the purpose of redistributing liquid between each packed bed in T-430, and why is this important for the separation process?
The purpose of redistributing liquid is to ensure good distribution throughout the packed beds. This promotes better contact between the vapor and liquid phases, improving separation efficiency.
Explain how the two-stage ejector system maintains the vacuum in T-430, and why is maintaining a vacuum important for this particular separation process?
Explain how the two-stage ejector system maintains the vacuum in T-430, and why is maintaining a vacuum important for this particular separation process?
The two-stage ejector system uses high-pressure steam to create a vacuum, by reducing the pressure in the system. Maintaining a vacuum is important because it allows for separation at lower temperatures, preventing thermal degradation of the components being separated.
Describe the flow path of the C12-C24 overhead vapor stream from T-430, mentioning the equipment it passes through and the purpose of each piece of equipment.
Describe the flow path of the C12-C24 overhead vapor stream from T-430, mentioning the equipment it passes through and the purpose of each piece of equipment.
The C12-C24 overhead vapor stream from T-430 first goes to E-430 (C12-C24 Tower Condenser) where it is cooled, then to D-430 (C12-C24 Tower Reflux Drum) for vapor-liquid separation. Non-condensables go to E-431 (C12-C24 Tower Vent Condenser) for further cooling.
Explain the purpose of routing condensate from both E-439 (C12-C24 Tower Ejector Interstage Condenser) and the bottom of D-443 (C12 Tower Feed Coalescer) to D-433.
Explain the purpose of routing condensate from both E-439 (C12-C24 Tower Ejector Interstage Condenser) and the bottom of D-443 (C12 Tower Feed Coalescer) to D-433.
Describe the function of P-430A/B (C12-C24 Reflux/Overhead Pumps) in the process. What are the two destination options for the liquid from D-430, and what is the purpose of each destination?
Describe the function of P-430A/B (C12-C24 Reflux/Overhead Pumps) in the process. What are the two destination options for the liquid from D-430, and what is the purpose of each destination?
Flashcards
T-430 Function
T-430 Function
Packed vacuum column that separates C12-C30+ feed into overhead vapor (C12-C24), side-draw liquid (C24-C28), and bottom liquid (C30+) streams.
E-430 Function
E-430 Function
Cools the T-430 overhead vapor (C12-C24) using cooling water to condense it.
D-430 Function
D-430 Function
Receives condensed vapor from E-430 and routes it back to T-430 as reflux.
Z-430 & Z-431 Function
Z-430 & Z-431 Function
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E-434 Function
E-434 Function
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Study Notes
- C12-C30+ feed from T-400 bottom is partially vaporized and routed to T-430, where it separates into C12-C24 overhead vapor, C24-C28 side-draw liquid, and C30+ bottom liquid streams.
- T-430 is a vacuum column with three packed beds, with liquid redistribution to ensure good distribution.
T-430 Overhead Vapor Processing
- The overhead vapor goes to E-430 (C12-C24 Tower Condenser) and is cooled, then routed to D-430 (C12-C24 Tower Reflux Drum).
- Non-condensable vapor goes to E-431 (C12-C24 Tower Vent Condenser) and is cooled.
- Cooled overhead gas from D-430 and non-condensables from E-480 go to Z-430 (C12-C24 Tower 1st Stage Ejector), which uses 100 psig steam to pull a vacuum.
- The gas is then cooled in E-439 (C12-C24 Tower Ejector Interstage Condenser) and routed to D-433.
- The gas then goes to Z-431 (C12-C24 Tower 2nd Stage Ejector), which also uses 100 psig steam, and then to E-480.
Reflux and Feed Routing
- Condensate from D-430 is routed to D-433 by P-436A/B (Stripping Steam Condensate Pump).
- Liquid from D-430 is routed to F-430 (C12-C24 Tower Reflux Strainer) by P-430A/B (C12-C24 Reflux/Overhead Pumps) and back to T-430 as reflux.
- P-430A/B also routes liquid from D-430 to F-443A/B (C12 Tower Feed Filters) and then to D-443 (C12 Tower Feed Coalescer).
- Condensate from D-443 is routed to D-433.
- Overhead vapor from D-443 is heated in E-434 (C12-C24 Tower Bottom/Distillate Exchanger) by the liquid bottom from T-430 and then routed to T-440 (C12 Tower) as feed.
Side-Draw and Bottom Liquid Processing
- T-430 side-draw liquid flows to T-431 (C24-C28 Stripper).
- T-430 bottom liquid is heated in E-435 (C12-C24 Tower Reboiler) using Dowtherm, with overhead vapor returned to T-430 for temperature control.
- 15 psig steam from E-436 (Stripping Steam Superheater) is injected into E-435 to lower the hydrocarbon partial pressure and minimize degradation.
C30+ Product Handling
- Liquid from E-435 goes to E-434, is cooled, and then to Z-435A/B (C30+ Centrifuges) to remove heavy polymers.
- Overhead from Z-435A/B goes to F-435A (Clean Product Drum), then to F-437 (C30+ Supplemental Filter) via P-833A/B (Clean C30+ Pumps), and finally to TK-830 (C30+ Product Tank) for storage.
- Bottoms from Z-435A/B go to F-435B (Back Flush Drum) and then to Slop via P-853A/B (Back Flush Pumps).
Equipment Details
- F-433 (C12-C24 Tower Feed Strainer) removes particulate matter from the T-430 feed.
- T-430 separates C12-C20 from C24-C28 and C30 fractions, with C24-C28 used as a carrier for TEA catalyst blends.
- The three key process control objectives for T-430: C24 in overhead at spec, C22 in sidecut at spec, and C28 and lighter in bottoms and C30+ in sidecut concentrations at specification.
- E-430 (C12-C24 Tower Condenser) cools and condenses T-430 overhead vapor with cooling water.
- D-430 (C12-C24 Tower Reflux Drum, 5’D x 20’L) separates liquid for reflux/feed from non-condensable vapor, with water sent to D-433.
- E-431 (C12-C24 Tower Vent Condenser) cools and condenses overhead vapor from D-430.
- Z-430 (C12-C24 Tower 1st Stage Ejector) lowers pressure of T-430 overhead.
- Ejectors use high-pressure motive fluid, accelerated through a nozzle to sonic velocity, to draw in suction fluid and lower its pressure.
Additional Equipment
- E-439 (C12-C24 Tower Ejector Interstage Condenser) cools and condenses steam from Z-430 with cooling water.
- Z-431 (C12-C24 Tower 2nd Stage Ejector) further lowers the pressure of T-430 overhead.
- P-430A/B (C12-C24 Reflux/Overhead Pumps) are centrifugal pumps (25 HP, 3550 RPM) used to circulate reflux to T-430 and to route feed to T-440.
- P-436A/B (Stripping Steam Condensate Pump) are centrifugal pumps (3 HP, 3500 RPM) used to route condensate from D-430 to D-433.
- F-443A/B (C12 Tower Feed Filters) are cartridge filters that remove molecular sieve fines from the feed stream to T-440.
- D-443 (C12 Tower Feed Coalescer, 1’1¼”D x 7’L) removes water from the feed stream to T-440.
- E-435 (C12-C24 Tower Reboiler) is a kettle-type reboiler that heats T-430 bottoms with Dowtherm.
- P-435A/B (C30+ Product Pumps) are centrifugal pumps (15 HP, 3530 RPM) used to route C30+ product from E-435 to Z-435A/B.
- F-430 (C12-C24 Tower Reflux Strainer) removes particulate matter from the T-430 feed.
- E-434 (C12-C24 Tower Bottom/Distillate Exchanger) heats T-440 feed and cools C30+ product.
- Z-435A/B (C30+ Centrifuges) remove heavy polymer or foreign material and clarify the C30+ product.
- F-435A (Clean Product Drum, 7’D x 8’6”L) collects the clean C30+ product.
- P-833A/B (Clean C30+ Pumps) are centrifugal pumps (10 HP, 3550 RPM) used to route the C30+ product to storage.
- F-437 (C30+ Supplemental Filter) removes molecular sieve fines from the product stream.
- F-435B (Back Flush Drum, 7’D x 8’6”L) stores the heavy polymer from the C30+ product.
- P-853A/B (Back Flush Pumps) are centrifugal pumps (10 HP, 3550 RPM) used to route the heavy polymer for offsite removal.
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