Vaccines and Vaccine Preventable Diseases
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of most vaccines?

  • To treat a person who is already infected with a disease
  • To reduce the severity of a disease
  • To make a person immune to viruses or bacteria (correct)
  • To cure a disease that is already prevalent

What is the term for the process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination?

  • Immunization (correct)
  • Infection
  • Inoculation
  • Vaccination

What type of vaccine is the Oral polio vaccine?

  • Purified viral protein
  • Inactivated bacterial toxin
  • Live, weakened or attenuated vaccine (correct)
  • Killed, intact virus

What is the term for the concept where a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, thereby reducing the spread of the disease?

<p>Herd immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a vaccine?

<p>To produce immunity to a specific disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a killed, intact bacteria vaccine?

<p>Typhoid vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of specific immunity?

<p>Response is immediate and antigen-specific (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is conferred upon an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes?

<p>Passive Immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of non-specific immunity?

<p>Response is immediate and maximal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is induced in an individual by infection or vaccination?

<p>Active Immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from exposure to a specific antigen?

<p>Immunologic memory is formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common issue with existing vaccines when new strains of viruses emerge?

<p>They are ineffective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is surveillance necessary to detect circulating strains of viruses?

<p>To detect circulating strains and develop appropriate effective vaccines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deploying effective vaccines in 'mass immunization campaign' mode?

<p>To deal with outbreaks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a focus of recent developments in the field of vaccines?

<p>Rapid development of vaccines for new conditions and epidemics/pandemics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a vaccine developed for a new condition?

<p>Meningococcal Africa Vaccine (MenAfriVac) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was licensed by the EMA in October 2019?

<p>Ebola vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is seroconversion typically defined as in subjects with no detectable antibody prior to vaccination?

<p>Reaching a quantifiable antibody level post-vaccination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is seroconversion commonly defined in subjects with quantifiable antibody prior to vaccination?

<p>Reaching a predefined fold-increase from pre- to post-vaccination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is herd immunity also known as?

<p>Population immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indirect protection from an infectious disease called?

<p>Herd immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a population is immune through vaccination or immunity developed through previous infection?

<p>Herd immunity occurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells serve as the gateway to a full and robust immune response?

<p>Dendritic cells, myeloid/macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells?

<p>To produce antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is antibody affinity?

<p>The strength of the binding interaction between antigen and antibody (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of adaptive immunity?

<p>To protect a host organism from a pathogen or toxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by immunological memory?

<p>Adaptive immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of circulating lymphocytes comprised of B cells?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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