Vaccine Types and Immunity
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a typical mild reaction to a vaccine?

  • Moderate illness requiring hospitalization
  • Low-grade fever or swelling at the injection site (correct)
  • Severe allergic reaction with difficulty breathing
  • High-grade fever and significant rash

    • When should a vaccine not be administered according to the guidelines?

  • When the person has a minor cold with no fever.
  • When the individual is slightly tired
  • When the individual has a history of mild skin reactions.
  • When the individual has a moderate to severe illness (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS)?

  • To track and report cases of vaccine-preventable diseases and adverse reactions to vaccines. (correct)
  • To document the details of vaccine administrations by medical personnel.
  • To provide compensation for damages from vaccine related injuries.
  • To offer patients a copy of the Vaccine Information Statement.

    • Which of the following is a key requirement for vaccine administration documentation?

    <p>Date, time, route, site, manufacturer's name, vaccine type, lot # and expiration date. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should always be provided to a patient or caregiver before vaccine administration?

    <p>A copy of the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between active and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the protection offered to a community when a high percentage of its members are immunized against a disease?

    <p>Herd immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine introduces inactivated toxins to stimulate the formation of antitoxins?

    <p>Toxoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of an attenuated virus vaccine?

    <p>It is a live, but weakened, microorganism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine type involves inserting components of an antigen into a host cell?

    <p>Recombinant DNA vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an adjuvant in a vaccine?

    <p>To help promote a better immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is developed from breast milk?

    <p>Natural Passive Immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a conjugate vaccine achieve by combining a weak antigen with a strong carrier?

    <p>It results in a strong response to the weak antigen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a booster dose of a vaccine?

    <p>To provide re-exposure and enhance the existing immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information, what is a general characteristic of adult vaccination rates?

    <p>Adult vaccination rates are generally low. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines is typically administered to adolescents but not to those who are in the birth to 6 years age range?

    <p>Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vaccine is recommended to be administered every 10 years?

    <p>Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Tdap) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which vaccine is it noted that administration recommendations are dependent on age?

    <p>Pneumococcal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source for childhood immunization schedules?

    <p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the vaccination schedule for adults the most?

    <p>Age and health status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vaccines is NOT generally part of the routine pediatric schedule for the birth to 6 year age group?

    <p>Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Active Immunity

    The body actively produces antibodies (immunoglobulins - Igs) to fight off infections.

    Passive Immunity

    Antibodies are received from another source, providing immediate but short-lived protection.

    Natural Passive Immunity

    A type of passive immunity where antibodies are transferred from mother to infant through breast milk.

    Natural Active Immunity

    A type of active immunity where antibodies develop after exposure to an illness.

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    Artificial Active Immunity

    A type of active immunity where antibodies are created after receiving a vaccine.

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    Artificial Passive Immunity

    A type of passive immunity where antibodies are received from medicine like gamma globulin.

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    Herd Immunity

    When a significant portion of the population is immune to a disease, providing indirect protection to those who are not immunized.

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    Vaccine

    A weakened or inactive version of a disease-causing agent used to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease.

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    Booster Dose

    An extra dose of a vaccine given after an earlier dose to boost the immune response and provide long-term protection.

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    Vaccination Schedule

    A schedule of recommended vaccinations for individuals of different age groups.

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    Vaccination Rate

    The percentage of individuals within a population who have received a specific vaccine.

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    Meningococcal Vaccine

    A type of vaccine that protects against a specific type of bacteria that causes meningitis.

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    HPV Vaccine

    A type of vaccine that protects against the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause cervical cancer.

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    Pneumococcal Vaccine

    A type of vaccine that protects against pneumococcal disease, which can cause pneumonia and other infections.

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    Tdap Vaccine

    A type of vaccine that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis.

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    MMR Vaccine

    A type of vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.

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    VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System)

    A system for reporting adverse events (side effects) following vaccination.

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    National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP)

    A program that provides compensation for individuals who experience injury or death related to certain vaccines.

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    Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)

    A document provided to patients before vaccination, outlining potential risks and benefits.

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    Vaccine Documentation Requirements

    An official record of vaccine administration that includes details such as the vaccine type, lot number, and date of administration.

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    Patient History

    A record of patient health information, including allergies, medical history, current medications, and pregnancies, used to determine if a vaccine is safe for the patient.

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    Study Notes

    Vaccine Types

    • Active Immunity: Body produces antibodies (immunoglobulins)
      • Exposure to disease
      • Immunizations
      • Slow process; often long-lasting
    • Passive Immunity: Receives antibodies from another source
      • Immediate immunity
      • Short-lived
      • Example: Breast milk to infant

    Community Immunity

    • Herd Immunity: Majority immunized against diseases protects the whole community

    Vaccine Terminology

    • Vaccination: Antigen given to stimulate an immune response, but does not cause the disease
    • Toxoids: Inactivated toxins that stimulate antitoxin formation, but can't cause the disease
    • Attenuated Virus: Live, weakened microorganisms; avoid giving to patients with weak immune systems

    Vaccine Types (Continued)

    • Conjugate Vaccine: Combines a weak antigen with a strong one; increases response to the weak antigen
    • Recombinant DNA Vaccine: Components of an antigen inserted into a host cell (bacteria, virus, etc.)
    • Messenger RNA (mRNA) Vaccine: Introduction of an altered piece of mRNA, instructing the cell to create proteins triggering an immune response
    • Adjuvant: Ingredient promoting a better immune response in some vaccines
    • Booster: Extra vaccine dose after an earlier one; provides re-exposure and a stronger immune response

    Vaccination Recommendations

    • Adults (19+): Vaccination rates are low; factors based on age and health status
    • Pediatrics (Birth-6yrs): Childhood schedule, Catch-up schedule available
    • Adolescents (7-18yrs): Adolescent schedule, Catch-up schedule available

    Vaccination Schedules

    • Pediatrics (Birth-6yrs): Hep B, RV, DTap, Hib, PCV, IPV, MMR, Varicella, HepA
    • Adolescents (7-18yrs): Tdap, Influenza, HPV, Meningococcal, Catch-up vaccines
    • Adults (19+): Generally low compliance, Tdap (booster q10y), Influenza, Pneumococcal (age-dependent), HPV (age/history dependent), Zoster (age dependent), MMR (titer dependent), Others (as needed), boosters, travel vaccines

    Vaccine Safety & Assessment

    • Generally safe: Mild reactions possible (low-grade fever or swelling at injection site)
    • Do not take if: Moderate/severe illness, allergies to vaccines/components
    • Use caution if: Low-grade fever present (do not give live virus)
    • Educate patients: Always give Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)

    Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS)

    • Reports cases of vaccine-preventable diseases and adverse reactions to vaccines
    • National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP): Compensation for injury or death caused by a vaccine; Vaccination Information Statements (VIS) before vaccine administration

    Vaccine Administration Requirements

    • Documentation: Date/Time/Route/Site, Manufacturer's Name, Vaccine type, Lot #, Expiration Date, Your name/title
    • Resources: Patient/caregiver receives copy of VIS
    • Patient History: Complete history (allergies, pregnancy, health history) provided

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    Related Documents

    Vaccines Lecture Chapter 34 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on different types of vaccines and their mechanisms, including active and passive immunity, and the concept of herd immunity. This quiz covers important vaccine terminology and concepts essential for understanding immunization.

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