Vaccines Lecture Chapter 34 PDF

Vaccin es Chapter 34 By Dr. Nancy A. Hurlock  Immunity Active Immunity Passive Immunity  Body actively produces  Receives antibodies from antibodies (Immunoglobulins – another source Igs)...

Vaccin es Chapter 34 By Dr. Nancy A. Hurlock  Immunity Active Immunity Passive Immunity  Body actively produces  Receives antibodies from antibodies (Immunoglobulins – another source Igs) Immediate immunity By exposure – get the disease Short lived By Immunizations Example: breastmilk to infant Slow process of building immunity Often long-lasting Community Immunity  “Herd immunity”  Majority are immunized against diseases, allowing protection to the community as a whole.  Types of Immunity Acquired Immunity Active Passive Immunity Immunity Natural Artificial Natural Artificial Antibodies Antibodies Antibodies received Antibodies received developed in developed in from mother through from a medicine response to an response to a breast milk (gamma globulin infection vaccination injection or infusion)  Terminology Antigen given to stimulate an Vaccination immune response but does not typically produce the disease Inactivated toxins that stimulate Toxoids antitoxin formation but can’t produce disease Attenuated Live, weakened microorganisms Avoid giving to those with weak Virus immune systems  Terminology Combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen as a carrier Conjugate Vaccine Results in a strong response to the weak antigen Recombinant DNA Components of an antigen are inserted into a host (bacteria, virus, other Vaccine cells) carrier Messenger RNA Introduction of a piece of altered mRNA mRNA then use the cell to create proteins that trigger an immune response (mRNA) Vaccine in the body Adjuvant Ingredient found in some vaccines that helps promote a better immune response Extra dose of a vaccine given after an earlier dose Booster Provides re-exposure and a “boost” of the immune response  Vaccination Recommendations Adult Pediatrics 19 years and older Childhood Schedule: Birth - 6 years of age Vaccination rates are low **Catch-up schedule Available Adult Schedule: Adolescent Schedule: Factors are based on age and health status 7 - 18 years of age **Catch-up schedule Available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ○ Recommendation for childhood immunizations: www.cdc.gov/vaccines ○ Recommendation for adult immunizations: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/  Vaccination Schedules See Folio for a complete list and full schedule Pediatrics Adolescents Adults Birth to 6 yrs 7 yrs – 18 yrs 19 yrs and older Hep B Tdap Generally low compliance RV Influenza Tdap (booster q10y) DTap HPV Influenza Hib meningococcal Pneumococcal (age dep) PCV Any “catch up” vaccines HPV (age/history dep) IPV Zoster (age dep) MMR MMR (titer dep) Varicella Others on an as needed basis HepA Boosters No previous vaccination Travel vaccines (typhoid fever, yellow fever, etc.)  Vaccine Safety & Assessment Generally safe Mild reactions are possible Low-grade fever or swelling at injection site Do not take if: Moderate/severe illness Allergic to vaccines or components Use caution if: Low-grade fever is present (Do not give live virus with low-grade fever) Educate your patients Always give your patients a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) Required by law https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/index.html  Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) ○ Reporting cases of vaccine-preventable diseases ○ Reporting adverse reactions to vaccines National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) ○ Compensation for injury or death caused by a Vaccination information Statements (VIS) before administration of a vaccine  Vaccine Administration Requirements Date/Time/Route/Site Manufacture’s Name Vaccine type Documentation: Lot # Expiration Date Your name/title and other information as required Resources Give patient/caregiver a copy of the VIS for all vaccines administered Obtain a complete history (allergies, Patient History pregnancy, health hx, etc.)  a t n e eds Wh ented? m doc u Date/Time/Route/Site Manufacture’s Name Vaccine type Lot # Expiration Date Your name/title and other information as required  Please be familiar with the following vaccines (see VIS: Folio): Tdap https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/tdap.pdf Hepatitis A https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-a.pdf Hepatitis B https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-b.pdf Varicella https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/varicella.pdf Zoster https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/shingles-recombinant.pdf MMR https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.pdf HPV https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hpv.pdf Flu (inactivated or recombinant) https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flu.pdf Current information available: Covid-19 https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/index.html