Vaccinations: Measles & Chickenpox Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method of preventing impetigo?

  • Daily vitamin supplementation
  • Topical antibiotics
  • Avoid contact with sores (correct)
  • Using moisturizing lotion

Which of the following is a symptom of tinea (ringworm)?

  • Red sores that rupture
  • Blackheads and pustules
  • Circular, scaly patches with a clear center (correct)
  • Intense itching on the scalp

What is the treatment for a lice infestation (pediculosis)?

  • Medicated shampoos and lotions (correct)
  • Topical antibiotics
  • Antihistamines
  • Oral antifungals

Which of the following actions helps to prevent acne?

<p>Avoiding picking at lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication to monitor in a child with a fever?

<p>Respiratory distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dermatophyte infections, such as tinea, mainly spread?

<p>Direct contact with infected skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is not recommended for nail hygiene to prevent conditions like impetigo?

<p>Biting nails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is treated with oral antibiotics if severe?

<p>Impetigo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dosage for the measles and mumps vaccine?

<p>0.5 mL SQ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious side effect is associated with the measles vaccine?

<p>Permanent brain damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the chickenpox vaccine is false?

<p>Antiviral agents should be used before vaccination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing management action when administering the MMR vaccine?

<p>Educate adolescent girls to avoid pregnancy 4 weeks after immunization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups should not receive the measles vaccine?

<p>An adolescent girl who is pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential complication can arise from the measles disease?

<p>Permanent brain damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the first dose of the measles vaccine typically given?

<p>12-15 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of the chickenpox vaccine?

<p>Rash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for administering the MMR vaccine post-exposure to measles?

<p>Within 72 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is most indicative of impending complications in mumps?

<p>Swollen salivary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing care measures is appropriate for a patient with measles?

<p>Provide supportive care and airborne isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in a patient with chickenpox to facilitate recovery?

<p>Acidic foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary transmission method for mumps?

<p>Airborne droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organizational protocol should be followed regarding school attendance for children with mumps?

<p>Exclude from school until 5 days after swelling onset (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications is most commonly associated with measles?

<p>Pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of care is generally recommended for patients suffering from chickenpox?

<p>Supportive care with symptom relief and hydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended storage condition for the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR)?

<p>Refrigerate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of the chickenpox vaccine?

<p>Rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contraindication applies to the administration of the measles vaccine?

<p>Pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long after immunization should adolescent girls avoid pregnancy when receiving the MMR vaccine?

<p>4 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious side effect is associated with the chickenpox vaccine?

<p>Thrombocytopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how measles is spread?

<p>Respiratory droplets and airborne transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate age range for the first dose of the chickenpox vaccine?

<p>12-18 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the administration of MMR and varicella vaccines is correct?

<p>They can be given on the same day or at least 28 days apart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary methods of treating impetigo?

<p>Oral antibiotics (A), Topical antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of tinea (ringworm)?

<p>Circular, scaly patches with a clear center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in preventing pediculosis (lice infestation)?

<p>Avoid sharing personal items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is appropriate for moderate to severe acne?

<p>Hormonal therapy or isotretinoin (A), Oral antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method of transmission for tinea infections?

<p>Direct skin contact and contaminated items (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following preventive measures is suggested for avoiding acne?

<p>Avoiding picking or squeezing lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of pediculosis?

<p>Visible lice or nits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main complications to monitor in children with a fever?

<p>Encephalitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom that distinguishes the rash stage of measles from that of other diseases?

<p>Koplik spots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication is considered the most severe outcome associated with measles?

<p>Pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is crucial for a patient diagnosed with chickenpox?

<p>Keeping skin clean and dry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is mumps primarily transmitted?

<p>Airborne droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for a child presenting with measles symptoms?

<p>Supportive care only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mumps, what is a rare but serious complication that may occur?

<p>Deafness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic symptom is often observed in the prodromal stage of measles?

<p>Fever and cough (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is effective post-exposure for measles?

<p>MMR vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Measles Vaccine Type

Live attenuated

Measles Vaccine Dosage

0.5 mL Subcutaneous (SQ)

Measles Vaccine Age (1st dose)

12-15 months

Measles Vaccine Age (2nd dose)

4-6 years

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Chickenpox Vaccine Type

Live attenuated

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Chickenpox Vaccine Age (1st dose)

12-18 months

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MMR Vaccine Timing

Same day or 28 days apart with Varicella

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Measles Transmission

Respiratory droplets and airborne

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Impetigo Cause

Bacterial infection (Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes)

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Impetigo Symptoms

Red sores, oozing, honey-colored crusts, often around mouth, nose, & extremities

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Ringworm Cause

Fungal infection from dermatophytes

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Ringworm Symptoms

Circular, scaly patches with clear center, on scalp, body, feet, or groin

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Pediculosis Cause

Infestation with lice

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Pediculosis Symptoms

Intense itching, visible lice or eggs (nits) on hair or clothing.

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Acne Cause

Blocked hair follicles by oil, dead skin, hormones, bacteria or genes

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Acne Symptoms

Blackheads, whiteheads, pustules, cysts; commonly on face, back, chest.

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What is the prodromal stage of Measles?

The prodromal stage of measles is characterized by high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots.

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What is the rash stage of Measles?

Measles' rash stage involves a dark red-to-purple maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body, accompanied by fatigue, photophobia, and lymphadenopathy.

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What is a major complication associated with Measles?

Pneumonia, the most common cause of death from Measles, is a major complication; encephalitis is another serious concern.

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What are 2 symptoms of Mumps?

Fever, malaise, muscle aches, and swollen salivary glands (especially parotid glands) are two common symptoms of Mumps.

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What is a significant complication of Mumps?

Orchitis (testicular inflammation), oophoritis (ovarian inflammation), meningitis, encephalitis, and potentially deafness.

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How is Chickenpox spread?

Chickenpox spreads via airborne droplets, direct contact with lesions, or contact with mucous membranes.

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What are early symptoms of Chickenpox?

Early symptoms include fever, malaise, decreased appetite, headache, and irritability.

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Treatment for Chickenpox for high-risk groups?

High-risk groups may require IV acyclovir and exposed at-risk children may receive immune globulin.

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Measles Symptoms: Prodromal Stage

The prodromal stage of measles begins with high fever, cough, runny nose, watery eyes (conjunctivitis), and small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots).

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Measles Rash

The measles rash is a characteristic dark red-to-purple rash that spreads from the face to the body. It's often accompanied by fatigue, light sensitivity, and swollen glands.

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Mumps Transmission

Mumps spreads through saliva droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze.

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Mumps Symptoms

Mumps is characterized by fever, muscle aches, and swollen salivary glands, especially the parotid glands, which are located in the cheeks.

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Chickenpox Transmission

Chickenpox spreads through tiny droplets released in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread by direct contact with the rash or by touching items that have come into contact with the rash.

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Chickenpox Early Symptoms

Early symptoms of chickenpox include fever, feeling tired, loss of appetite, headache, and feeling irritable.

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Varicella Vaccine Type

The chickenpox vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the virus.

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Measles Prodromal Stage

The first stage of measles, marked by high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and distinctive blue-gray spots (Koplik spots) inside the mouth.

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Measles Rash Stage

The second stage of measles features a characteristic dark red-to-purple rash that begins on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Fatigue, sensitivity to light, and swollen lymph nodes are also present.

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Measles Major Complication

Pneumonia is the most common cause of death from measles. Encephalitis, a brain inflammation, is another serious complication.

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Mumps Complications

Potential complications of mumps include orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries), meningitis, encephalitis, and, rarely, deafness.

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Chickenpox Spread

Chickenpox spreads through airborne droplets, direct contact with blisters, or contact with infected mucous membranes.

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High-Risk Chickenpox Treatment

People at high risk for serious complications from chickenpox may require intravenous acyclovir. Exposed children at high risk may receive immune globulin.

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Tinea (Ringworm) Cause

Caused by a fungal infection from a group of fungi called dermatophytes.

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Tinea (Ringworm) Symptoms

Circular, scaly patches of skin with a clear center. Can occur on the scalp, body, feet, or groin.

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Pediculosis (Lice) Cause

Infestation with tiny insects called lice that live on the scalp, typically causing intense itching.

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Pediculosis (Lice) Symptoms

Intense itching, visible lice or nits (eggs) on hair shafts or clothing.

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Study Notes

Measles, Mumps

  • Type: Live attenuated
  • Dosage: 0.5 mL SQ
  • Age: 12-15 months; 4-6 years (2 doses).
  • Administration: MMR and varicella vaccines on the same day or 28 days apart.
  • Storage: Refrigerate
  • Common Side Effects: Fever, erythema or pain at injection site, swollen cheeks or neck glands, noncontagious rash, joint pain
  • Serious Side Effects: Allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, febrile seizures, deafness, meningitis, encephalopathy, thrombocytopenia, coma, permanent brain damage
  • Contraindications: Prior anaphylactic reaction, allergic reaction, pregnancy, immunodeficiency, HIV
  • Nursing Management: Ask about immune suppression. Give to children with HIV unless severely immunocompromised. Give TB test same day as MMR or 4-6 weeks later. Educate adolescent girls to avoid pregnancy for 4 weeks after immunization.

Chickenpox

  • Type: Live attenuated
  • Dosage: 0.5 mL SQ
  • Age: 12-18 months; 4-6 years
  • Administration: MMR and varicella vaccines on the same day or 28 days apart.
  • Storage: Frozen
  • Common Side Effects: Erythema or pain at injection site, fever, rash.
  • Serious Side Effects: Allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, encephalitis, pneumonia, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombocytopenia, seizure, and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  • Contraindications: Prior anaphylactic reaction, allergic reaction, pregnancy, immunodeficiency, active treated TB.
  • Nursing Management: Vaccine is clear to pale yellow solution. Educate adolescent girls to avoid pregnancy 3 months after immunization. Avoid salicylates (ASA) for 6 weeks after vaccination. Avoid antiviral agents 1 day before or 21 days after vaccination.

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Description

This quiz covers essential information regarding the MMR and varicella vaccines, including their administration, common and serious side effects, and nursing management strategies. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their knowledge of immunization practices.

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