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Questions and Answers
What was the primary goal of Edward Jenner's research into cowpox?
What was the primary goal of Edward Jenner's research into cowpox?
- To design a safer method of protection against smallpox. (correct)
- To develop vaccines for multiple diseases simultaneously.
- To eliminate smallpox by variolation.
- To establish a method for the treatment of cowpox.
What does the process of attenuation involve?
What does the process of attenuation involve?
- Combining multiple pathogens in one vaccination.
- Using a live strain of a virus to enhance immune response.
- Passing a microorganism through a susceptible host to weaken it. (correct)
- Inoculating with a fully virulent strain to build immunity.
Which disease was NOT mentioned as being part of Pasteur's vaccine development?
Which disease was NOT mentioned as being part of Pasteur's vaccine development?
- Rabies
- Smallpox (correct)
- Anthrax
- Plague
How did variolation provide immune protection?
How did variolation provide immune protection?
What was a significant advancement made by Pasteur compared to earlier methods of immunization?
What was a significant advancement made by Pasteur compared to earlier methods of immunization?
Flashcards
Variolation
Variolation
Intentionally infecting a person with a mild form of a disease to provide immunity.
Jenner's Experiment
Jenner's Experiment
Cowpox (a mild disease) was hypothesized to protect against smallpox. This led to the development of the first vaccine.
Attenuation
Attenuation
The process of weakening a disease-causing microorganism (pathogen) to create a vaccine.
Vaccine
Vaccine
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Immunization
Immunization
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Study Notes
Early Vaccination Practices
- Variolation, an intentional infection method, was used in 11th-century India and China to induce immunity to smallpox.
- Liquid from smallpox pustules was applied to healthy individuals, causing a mild form of the disease and conferring protection.
Edward Jenner's Contribution
- Edward Jenner sought a safer smallpox prevention method.
- He hypothesised that cowpox, similar to smallpox, could offer protection.
- He inoculated a patient with cowpox and later exposed him to smallpox.
- The patient remained unaffected, confirming the effectiveness of this safer method.
Louis Pasteur's Innovations
- Pasteur developed a method to create attenuated vaccines.
- Attenuation involves weakening a microorganism's virulence through repeated passages in a susceptible host.
- This process created vaccines for multiple diseases like anthrax, plague, yellow fever, rabies, and others.
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