29 Questions
How can fungi be spread by water?
Drinking dirty water
What is a common way for pathogens to be spread through the air?
Through droplet infection
How can the damage caused by diseases be reduced?
By removing vectors and their habitats
What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them particularly dangerous?
They can enter all types of cells
How does vaccination help individuals become immune to pathogens?
By injecting a harmless pathogen to induce immunity
What type of structure can fungi have in their body?
Hyphae (thread-like structures)
What are the common symptoms of Measles?
Fever and red skin rash
How is HIV mainly spread?
By sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids
What is the main method of preventing Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
Good field hygiene and pest control
Which of the following is a complication that can arise from Measles?
Encephalitis (brain infection)
How does the Tobacco Mosaic Virus affect plant leaves?
Discolouration and reduced photosynthesis
What is the main method of preventing the spread of HIV?
Using condoms and not sharing needles
What is the purpose of vaccinations?
To make individuals immune to a certain disease before being infected.
How does herd immunity work in the context of vaccinations?
It reduces the spread of the pathogen by immunising a large proportion of the population.
What is one advantage of vaccinations mentioned in the text?
Eradicating many diseases, such as smallpox.
How do vaccinations help in combating diseases upon secondary infection?
By allowing white blood cells to produce antibodies much quicker.
What is the function of antibiotics according to the text?
To kill bacterial pathogens inside the body without harming healthy cells.
What distinguishes vaccinations from antibiotics based on the information provided?
Vaccinations make individuals immune to diseases, while antibiotics kill bacterial pathogens.
What is a common sign of plant diseases that indicates a nitrate deficiency?
Stunted growth
Why are monoclonal antibodies difficult to attach to drugs?
They trigger an immune response when used in humans
What is a common sign of plant diseases that indicates magnesium deficiency?
Discolouration
What method can be used to identify the disease a plant has?
Identifying the pathogen by observing the infected plant in a laboratory
What type of plant disease is caused by aphids?
Insect infestation
Why are mouse-human hybrid cells produced in relation to monoclonal antibodies?
To reduce the chance of triggering an immune response
What type of chemical defences do foxgloves, tobacco plants, deadly nightshades, and yew possess?
Poisons to deter herbivores
How do some leaves defend against insects when touched?
By drooping or curling to move insects away
Which type of plant defence involves mimicking unhealthy plants to avoid predation?
Mimicry to trick animals
What do species from the 'ice plant family' do to avoid predation?
Have a stone and pebble like appearance
Which of the following does NOT contribute to plant defences according to the text?
Mechanical defences against bacteria
This quiz covers the basics of vaccination, including how vaccinations work to make individuals immune to diseases, the concept of herd immunity, and how white blood cells produce specific antibodies to combat pathogens. Test your knowledge on the importance and process of vaccinations!
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