Vaccination Basics
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Questions and Answers

How can fungi be spread by water?

  • Coming into contact with infected individuals
  • Breathing in pathogens carried by water droplets
  • Drinking dirty water (correct)
  • Touching contaminated surfaces

What is a common way for pathogens to be spread through the air?

  • By touching contaminated surfaces
  • Through direct contact
  • By coming into contact with dirty water
  • Through droplet infection (correct)

How can the damage caused by diseases be reduced?

  • By avoiding vaccination
  • By removing vectors and their habitats (correct)
  • By reducing hygiene practices
  • By increasing contact with infected individuals

What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them particularly dangerous?

<p>They can enter all types of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does vaccination help individuals become immune to pathogens?

<p>By injecting a harmless pathogen to induce immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure can fungi have in their body?

<p>Hyphae (thread-like structures) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of Measles?

<p>Fever and red skin rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is HIV mainly spread?

<p>By sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of preventing Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

<p>Good field hygiene and pest control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication that can arise from Measles?

<p>Encephalitis (brain infection) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Tobacco Mosaic Virus affect plant leaves?

<p>Discolouration and reduced photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of preventing the spread of HIV?

<p>Using condoms and not sharing needles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vaccinations?

<p>To make individuals immune to a certain disease before being infected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does herd immunity work in the context of vaccinations?

<p>It reduces the spread of the pathogen by immunising a large proportion of the population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of vaccinations mentioned in the text?

<p>Eradicating many diseases, such as smallpox. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do vaccinations help in combating diseases upon secondary infection?

<p>By allowing white blood cells to produce antibodies much quicker. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibiotics according to the text?

<p>To kill bacterial pathogens inside the body without harming healthy cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes vaccinations from antibiotics based on the information provided?

<p>Vaccinations make individuals immune to diseases, while antibiotics kill bacterial pathogens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of plant diseases that indicates a nitrate deficiency?

<p>Stunted growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are monoclonal antibodies difficult to attach to drugs?

<p>They trigger an immune response when used in humans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of plant diseases that indicates magnesium deficiency?

<p>Discolouration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method can be used to identify the disease a plant has?

<p>Identifying the pathogen by observing the infected plant in a laboratory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant disease is caused by aphids?

<p>Insect infestation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are mouse-human hybrid cells produced in relation to monoclonal antibodies?

<p>To reduce the chance of triggering an immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical defences do foxgloves, tobacco plants, deadly nightshades, and yew possess?

<p>Poisons to deter herbivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some leaves defend against insects when touched?

<p>By drooping or curling to move insects away (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant defence involves mimicking unhealthy plants to avoid predation?

<p>Mimicry to trick animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do species from the 'ice plant family' do to avoid predation?

<p>Have a stone and pebble like appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT contribute to plant defences according to the text?

<p>Mechanical defences against bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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